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Pulmonary toxicity and inflammatory response of e-cigarettes containing medium-chain triglyceride oil and vitamin E acetate: Implications in the pathogenesis of EVALI but independent of SARS-COV-2 COVID-19 related proteins

Thivanka Muthumalage, Joseph H. Lucas, Qixin Wang, Thomas Lamb, Matthew D. McGraw, Irfan Rahman
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.14.151381
Thivanka Muthumalage
1Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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Joseph H. Lucas
1Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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Qixin Wang
1Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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Thomas Lamb
1Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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Matthew D. McGraw
2Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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Irfan Rahman
1Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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  • For correspondence: irfan_rahman@urmc.rochester.edu
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Abstract

Recently, there has been an outbreak associated with the use of e-cigarette or vaping products, associated lung injury (EVALI). The primary components of vaping products, vitamin E acetate (VEA) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) may be responsible for acute lung toxicity. Currently, little information is available on the physiological and biological effects of exposure to these products. We hypothesized that these e-cig cartridges and their constituents (VEA and MCT) induce pulmonary toxicity, mediated by oxidative damage and inflammatory responses, leading to acute lung injury. We studied the potential mechanisms of cartridge aerosol induced inflammatory response by evaluating the generation of reactive oxygen species by MCT, VEA, and cartridges, and their effects on the inflammatory state of pulmonary epithelium and immune cells both in vitro and in vivo. Cells exposed to these aerosols generated reactive oxygen species, caused cytotoxicity, induced epithelial barrier dysfunction, and elicited an inflammatory response. Using a murine model, the parameters of acute toxicity to aerosol inhalation were assessed. Infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes was accompanied by significant increases in IL-6, eotaxin, and G-CSF in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In mouse plasma, eicosanoid inflammatory mediators, leukotrienes, were significantly increased. Plasma from e-cig users also showed increased levels of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETEs) and various eicosanoids. Exposure to e-cig cartridge aerosols showed the most significant effects and toxicity compared to MCT and VEA. In addition, we determined at SARS-COV-2 related proteins and found no impact associated with aerosol exposures from these tested cartridges. Overall, this study demonstrates acute exposure to specific e-cig cartridges induces in vitro cytotoxicity, barrier dysfunction, and inflammation and in vivo mouse exposure induces acute inflammation with elevated pro-inflammatory markers in the pathogenesis of EVALI.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
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Posted June 15, 2020.
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Pulmonary toxicity and inflammatory response of e-cigarettes containing medium-chain triglyceride oil and vitamin E acetate: Implications in the pathogenesis of EVALI but independent of SARS-COV-2 COVID-19 related proteins
Thivanka Muthumalage, Joseph H. Lucas, Qixin Wang, Thomas Lamb, Matthew D. McGraw, Irfan Rahman
bioRxiv 2020.06.14.151381; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.14.151381
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Pulmonary toxicity and inflammatory response of e-cigarettes containing medium-chain triglyceride oil and vitamin E acetate: Implications in the pathogenesis of EVALI but independent of SARS-COV-2 COVID-19 related proteins
Thivanka Muthumalage, Joseph H. Lucas, Qixin Wang, Thomas Lamb, Matthew D. McGraw, Irfan Rahman
bioRxiv 2020.06.14.151381; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.14.151381

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