New Results
Genetics of human gut microbiome composition
View ORCID ProfileAlexander Kurilshikov, View ORCID ProfileCarolina Medina-Gomez, Rodrigo Bacigalupe, Djawad Radjabzadeh, Jun Wang, View ORCID ProfileAyse Demirkan, View ORCID ProfileCaroline I. Le Roy, View ORCID ProfileJuan Antonio Raygoza Garay, View ORCID ProfileCasey T. Finnicum, Xingrong Liu, View ORCID ProfileDaria V. Zhernakova, View ORCID ProfileMarc Jan Bonder, View ORCID ProfileTue H. Hansen, Fabian Frost, View ORCID ProfileMalte C. Rühlemann, View ORCID ProfileWilliams Turpin, Jee-Young Moon, Han-Na Kim, Kreete Lüll, Elad Barkan, View ORCID ProfileShiraz A. Shah, View ORCID ProfileMyriam Fornage, View ORCID ProfileJoanna Szopinska-Tokov, View ORCID ProfileZachary D. Wallen, View ORCID ProfileDmitrii Borisevich, View ORCID ProfileLars Agreus, Anna Andreasson, Corinna Bang, Larbi Bedrani, View ORCID ProfileJordana T. Bell, View ORCID ProfileHans Bisgaard, View ORCID ProfileMichael Boehnke, View ORCID ProfileDorret I. Boomsma, Robert D. Burk, View ORCID ProfileAnnique Claringbould, Kenneth Croitoru, Gareth E. Davies, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Liesbeth Duijts, Gwen Falony, View ORCID ProfileJingyuan Fu, Adriaan van der Graaf, Torben Hansen, Georg Homuth, David A. Hughes, Richard G. Ijzerman, Matthew A. Jackson, Vincent W.V. Jaddoe, Marie Joossens, Torben Jørgensen, Daniel Keszthelyi, View ORCID ProfileRob Knight, Markku Laakso, Matthias Laudes, Lenore J. Launer, Wolfgang Lieb, Aldons J. Lusis, Ad A.M. Masclee, Henriette A. Moll, View ORCID ProfileZlatan Mujagic, Qi Qibin, View ORCID ProfileDaphna Rothschild, Hocheol Shin, Søren J. Sørensen, Claire J. Steves, Jonathan Thorsen, Nicholas J. Timpson, Raul Y. Tito, Sara Vieira-Silva, Uwe Völker, Henry Völzke, View ORCID ProfileUrmo Võsa, View ORCID ProfileKaitlin H. Wade, Susanna Walter, View ORCID ProfileKyoko Watanabe, Stefan Weiss, Frank U. Weiss, Omer Weissbrod, Harm-Jan Westra, Gonneke Willemsen, Haydeh Payami, Daisy M.A.E. Jonkers, Alejandro Arias Vasquez, View ORCID ProfileEco J.C. de Geus, Katie A. Meyer, Jakob Stokholm, View ORCID ProfileEran Segal, View ORCID ProfileElin Org, View ORCID ProfileCisca Wijmenga, Hyung-Lae Kim, Robert C. Kaplan, Tim D. Spector, Andre G. Uitterlinden, View ORCID ProfileFernando Rivadeneira, Andre Franke, Markus M. Lerch, View ORCID ProfileLude Franke, View ORCID ProfileSerena Sanna, View ORCID ProfileMauro D’Amato, View ORCID ProfileOluf Pedersen, Andrew D. Paterson, Robert Kraaij, Jeroen Raes, View ORCID ProfileAlexandra Zhernakova
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.26.173724
Alexander Kurilshikov
1Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Carolina Medina-Gomez
2Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
3The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Rodrigo Bacigalupe
4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Instituut, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
5Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Djawad Radjabzadeh
2Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Jun Wang
4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Instituut, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
5Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
6Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Ayse Demirkan
1Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
7Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
Caroline I. Le Roy
8Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay
9Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
10Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
Casey T. Finnicum
11Avera Institute of Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, USA
Xingrong Liu
12Center for Molecular Medicine and Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Daria V. Zhernakova
1Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Marc Jan Bonder
1Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Tue H. Hansen
13Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Fabian Frost
14Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Malte C. Rühlemann
15Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
Williams Turpin
9Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
10Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
Jee-Young Moon
16Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, USA
Han-Na Kim
17Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
18Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Kreete Lüll
19Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Elad Barkan
20Department of Computer Science and Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
Shiraz A. Shah
21COPSAC, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
Myriam Fornage
22Institute of Molecular Medicine McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
23Human Genetics Center School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
Joanna Szopinska-Tokov
24Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Zachary D. Wallen
25Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
Dmitrii Borisevich
13Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Lars Agreus
26Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Anna Andreasson
27Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Corinna Bang
15Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
Larbi Bedrani
9Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Jordana T. Bell
8Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
Hans Bisgaard
21COPSAC, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
Michael Boehnke
28Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
Dorret I. Boomsma
29Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Robert D. Burk
16Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, USA
30Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, USA
31Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, USA
Annique Claringbould
1Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Kenneth Croitoru
9Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
10Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
Gareth E. Davies
11Avera Institute of Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, USA
29Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Cornelia M. van Duijn
32Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
33Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Liesbeth Duijts
3The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
34Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Gwen Falony
4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Instituut, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
5Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Jingyuan Fu
1Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
35Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Adriaan van der Graaf
1Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Torben Hansen
13Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Georg Homuth
36Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
David A. Hughes
37MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
38Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
Richard G. Ijzerman
39Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Matthew A. Jackson
7Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
40Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Vincent W.V. Jaddoe
3The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
32Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Marie Joossens
4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Instituut, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
5Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Torben Jørgensen
41Centre for Clinical Research and Disease Prevention, Bispebjerg/Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region of Copenhagen and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Daniel Keszthelyi
42Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
43NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Rob Knight
44Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
45Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
46Center for Microbiome Innovation and department of Bioengeering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
Markku Laakso
47Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Matthias Laudes
48Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Lenore J. Launer
49Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, USA
Wolfgang Lieb
50Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
Aldons J. Lusis
51Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
52Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angles, USA
Ad A.M. Masclee
42Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
43NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Henriette A. Moll
34Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Zlatan Mujagic
42Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
43NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Qi Qibin
16Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, USA
Daphna Rothschild
20Department of Computer Science and Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
Hocheol Shin
53Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
54Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Søren J. Sørensen
55Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Claire J. Steves
8Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
Jonathan Thorsen
21COPSAC, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
Nicholas J. Timpson
37MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
38Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
Raul Y. Tito
4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Instituut, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
5Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Sara Vieira-Silva
4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Instituut, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
5Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Uwe Völker
36Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Henry Völzke
56Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Urmo Võsa
1Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Kaitlin H. Wade
37MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
38Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
Susanna Walter
57Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
58Department of gastroenterology, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
Kyoko Watanabe
59Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Stefan Weiss
36Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Frank U. Weiss
14Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Omer Weissbrod
60School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
Harm-Jan Westra
1Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Gonneke Willemsen
29Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Haydeh Payami
25Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
Daisy M.A.E. Jonkers
42Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
43NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Alejandro Arias Vasquez
24Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
61Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Eco J.C. de Geus
29Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
62Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Katie A. Meyer
63Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
64Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, USA
Jakob Stokholm
21COPSAC, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
Eran Segal
20Department of Computer Science and Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
Elin Org
19Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Cisca Wijmenga
1Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Hyung-Lae Kim
65Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Robert C. Kaplan
16Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, USA
66Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
Tim D. Spector
8Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
Andre G. Uitterlinden
2Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
3The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
32Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Fernando Rivadeneira
2Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
3The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Andre Franke
15Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
Markus M. Lerch
14Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Lude Franke
1Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Serena Sanna
1Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
67Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, National Research Council, Monserrato, Italy
Mauro D’Amato
12Center for Molecular Medicine and Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
68School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
69Department of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
70Ikerbasque, Basque Science Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
Oluf Pedersen
13Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Andrew D. Paterson
71Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
Robert Kraaij
2Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Jeroen Raes
4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Instituut, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
5Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
Alexandra Zhernakova
1Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Abstract
To study the effect of host genetics on gut microbiome composition, the MiBioGen consortium curated and analyzed whole-genome genotypes and 16S fecal microbiome data from 18,473 individuals (25 cohorts). Microbial composition showed high variability across cohorts: we detected only 9 out of 410 genera in more than 95% of the samples. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of host genetic variation in relation to microbial taxa identified 30 loci affecting microbome taxa at a genome-wide significant (P<5×10-8) threshold. Just one locus, the lactase (LCT) gene region, reached study-wide significance (GWAS signal P=8.6×10−21); it showed an age-dependent association with Bifidobacterium abundance. Other associations were suggestive (1.94×10−10<P<5×10−8) but enriched for taxa showing high heritability and for genes expressed in the intestine and brain. A phenome-wide association study and Mendelian randomization analyses identified enrichment of microbiome trait loci SNPs in the metabolic, nutrition and environment domains and indicated food preferences and diseases as mediators of genetic effects.
Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
Copyright
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Posted June 28, 2020.
Genetics of human gut microbiome composition
Alexander Kurilshikov, Carolina Medina-Gomez, Rodrigo Bacigalupe, Djawad Radjabzadeh, Jun Wang, Ayse Demirkan, Caroline I. Le Roy, Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay, Casey T. Finnicum, Xingrong Liu, Daria V. Zhernakova, Marc Jan Bonder, Tue H. Hansen, Fabian Frost, Malte C. Rühlemann, Williams Turpin, Jee-Young Moon, Han-Na Kim, Kreete Lüll, Elad Barkan, Shiraz A. Shah, Myriam Fornage, Joanna Szopinska-Tokov, Zachary D. Wallen, Dmitrii Borisevich, Lars Agreus, Anna Andreasson, Corinna Bang, Larbi Bedrani, Jordana T. Bell, Hans Bisgaard, Michael Boehnke, Dorret I. Boomsma, Robert D. Burk, Annique Claringbould, Kenneth Croitoru, Gareth E. Davies, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Liesbeth Duijts, Gwen Falony, Jingyuan Fu, Adriaan van der Graaf, Torben Hansen, Georg Homuth, David A. Hughes, Richard G. Ijzerman, Matthew A. Jackson, Vincent W.V. Jaddoe, Marie Joossens, Torben Jørgensen, Daniel Keszthelyi, Rob Knight, Markku Laakso, Matthias Laudes, Lenore J. Launer, Wolfgang Lieb, Aldons J. Lusis, Ad A.M. Masclee, Henriette A. Moll, Zlatan Mujagic, Qi Qibin, Daphna Rothschild, Hocheol Shin, Søren J. Sørensen, Claire J. Steves, Jonathan Thorsen, Nicholas J. Timpson, Raul Y. Tito, Sara Vieira-Silva, Uwe Völker, Henry Völzke, Urmo Võsa, Kaitlin H. Wade, Susanna Walter, Kyoko Watanabe, Stefan Weiss, Frank U. Weiss, Omer Weissbrod, Harm-Jan Westra, Gonneke Willemsen, Haydeh Payami, Daisy M.A.E. Jonkers, Alejandro Arias Vasquez, Eco J.C. de Geus, Katie A. Meyer, Jakob Stokholm, Eran Segal, Elin Org, Cisca Wijmenga, Hyung-Lae Kim, Robert C. Kaplan, Tim D. Spector, Andre G. Uitterlinden, Fernando Rivadeneira, Andre Franke, Markus M. Lerch, Lude Franke, Serena Sanna, Mauro D’Amato, Oluf Pedersen, Andrew D. Paterson, Robert Kraaij, Jeroen Raes, Alexandra Zhernakova
bioRxiv 2020.06.26.173724; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.26.173724
Genetics of human gut microbiome composition
Alexander Kurilshikov, Carolina Medina-Gomez, Rodrigo Bacigalupe, Djawad Radjabzadeh, Jun Wang, Ayse Demirkan, Caroline I. Le Roy, Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay, Casey T. Finnicum, Xingrong Liu, Daria V. Zhernakova, Marc Jan Bonder, Tue H. Hansen, Fabian Frost, Malte C. Rühlemann, Williams Turpin, Jee-Young Moon, Han-Na Kim, Kreete Lüll, Elad Barkan, Shiraz A. Shah, Myriam Fornage, Joanna Szopinska-Tokov, Zachary D. Wallen, Dmitrii Borisevich, Lars Agreus, Anna Andreasson, Corinna Bang, Larbi Bedrani, Jordana T. Bell, Hans Bisgaard, Michael Boehnke, Dorret I. Boomsma, Robert D. Burk, Annique Claringbould, Kenneth Croitoru, Gareth E. Davies, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Liesbeth Duijts, Gwen Falony, Jingyuan Fu, Adriaan van der Graaf, Torben Hansen, Georg Homuth, David A. Hughes, Richard G. Ijzerman, Matthew A. Jackson, Vincent W.V. Jaddoe, Marie Joossens, Torben Jørgensen, Daniel Keszthelyi, Rob Knight, Markku Laakso, Matthias Laudes, Lenore J. Launer, Wolfgang Lieb, Aldons J. Lusis, Ad A.M. Masclee, Henriette A. Moll, Zlatan Mujagic, Qi Qibin, Daphna Rothschild, Hocheol Shin, Søren J. Sørensen, Claire J. Steves, Jonathan Thorsen, Nicholas J. Timpson, Raul Y. Tito, Sara Vieira-Silva, Uwe Völker, Henry Völzke, Urmo Võsa, Kaitlin H. Wade, Susanna Walter, Kyoko Watanabe, Stefan Weiss, Frank U. Weiss, Omer Weissbrod, Harm-Jan Westra, Gonneke Willemsen, Haydeh Payami, Daisy M.A.E. Jonkers, Alejandro Arias Vasquez, Eco J.C. de Geus, Katie A. Meyer, Jakob Stokholm, Eran Segal, Elin Org, Cisca Wijmenga, Hyung-Lae Kim, Robert C. Kaplan, Tim D. Spector, Andre G. Uitterlinden, Fernando Rivadeneira, Andre Franke, Markus M. Lerch, Lude Franke, Serena Sanna, Mauro D’Amato, Oluf Pedersen, Andrew D. Paterson, Robert Kraaij, Jeroen Raes, Alexandra Zhernakova
bioRxiv 2020.06.26.173724; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.26.173724
Subject Area
Subject Areas
- Biochemistry (3773)
- Bioengineering (2541)
- Bioinformatics (12344)
- Biophysics (5298)
- Cancer Biology (4121)
- Cell Biology (5903)
- Clinical Trials (138)
- Developmental Biology (3523)
- Ecology (5585)
- Epidemiology (2052)
- Evolutionary Biology (8429)
- Genetics (6382)
- Genomics (8131)
- Immunology (3302)
- Microbiology (9883)
- Molecular Biology (3917)
- Neuroscience (22955)
- Paleontology (167)
- Pathology (636)
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (1022)
- Physiology (1551)
- Plant Biology (3504)
- Synthetic Biology (1095)
- Systems Biology (3320)
- Zoology (576)