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Tomographic data of ‘acanthodian’ oral structures and a review of dental diversity in early chondrichthyans

View ORCID ProfileRichard P. Dearden, View ORCID ProfileSam Giles
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.08.193839
Richard P. Dearden
1CR2P, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie–Paris, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CP 38, 57 rue Cuvier, F75231 Paris cedex 05, France
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Sam Giles
2School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
3Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
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  • For correspondence: s.giles.1@bham.ac.uk
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Abstract

The teeth of sharks famously form a series of parallel, continuously replacing files borne directly on the jaw cartilages. In contrast, bony fishes possess site-specific shedding dentition borne primarily on dermal plates. Understanding how these disparate systems evolved is challenging, not least because of poorly understood relationships amongst early chondrichthyans and the profusion of morphologically and terminologically diverse bones, cartilages, splints and whorls that they possess. Here we use tomographic methods to investigate mandibular structures in several early branching ‘acanthodian’-grade stem-chondrichthyans. We characterise the dentigerous jaw bones of disparate genera of ischnacanthids as growing bones with non-shedding dentition. Mandibular splints, which support the ventro-lateral edge of the Meckel’s cartilage in some acanthodians, are formed from dermal bone and may be an acanthodid synapomorphy. We strengthen the case for Acanthodopsis as an acanthodid deeply nested within an edentulous radiation and show that its teeth are borne directly on the mandibular cartilage, unexpectedly representing an independent origin of teeth. Poor resolution of relationships amongst ‘acanthodians’ represents a major barrier to understanding the evolution and homology of teeth and associated oral structures.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • We have made a number of changes following review, including: - reframing the introduction and discussion to focus more explicitly on oral structure variation and diversity in early chondrichthyans - moving anatomical details from the supplement to the main text - expanding the review of oral structures in early chondrichthyans and moving it into the main text - revising a phylogenetic analysis to generate our tree topology - adding more explicit consideration of the distribution of different oral structures across different tree topologies

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted May 07, 2021.
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Tomographic data of ‘acanthodian’ oral structures and a review of dental diversity in early chondrichthyans
Richard P. Dearden, Sam Giles
bioRxiv 2020.07.08.193839; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.08.193839
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Tomographic data of ‘acanthodian’ oral structures and a review of dental diversity in early chondrichthyans
Richard P. Dearden, Sam Giles
bioRxiv 2020.07.08.193839; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.08.193839

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