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Diverse stem-chondrichthyan oral structures and evidence for an independently acquired acanthodid dentition

View ORCID ProfileRichard P. Dearden, View ORCID ProfileSam Giles
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.08.193839
Richard P. Dearden
1CR2P, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie–Paris, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CP 38, 57 rue Cuvier, F75231 Paris cedex 05, France
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Sam Giles
2School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
3Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
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  • For correspondence: s.giles.1@bham.ac.uk
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Abstract

The teeth of sharks famously form a series of transversely-organised files with conveyor-belt replacement that are borne directly on the jaw cartilages, in contrast to the dermal plate-borne dentition of bony fishes that undergoes site-specific replacement. A major obstacle in understanding how this system evolved is the poorly understood relationships of the earliest chondrichthyans and the profusion of morphologically and terminologically diverse bones, cartilages, splints and whorls that they possess. Here we use tomographic methods to investigate mandibular structures in several early branching ‘acanthodian’-grade stem-chondrichthyans. We show that the dentigerous jaw bones of disparate genera of ischnacanthids are united by a common construction, being growing bones with non-shedding dentition. Mandibular splints, which support the ventro-lateral edge of the Meckel’s cartilage in some taxa, are formed from dermal bone and may be an acanthodid synapomorphy. We demonstrate that the teeth of Acanthodopsis are borne directly on the mandibular cartilage and that this taxon is deeply nested within an edentulous radiation, representing an unexpected independent origin of teeth. Many or even all of the range of unusual oral structures may be apomorphic, but they should nonetheless be considered when building hypotheses of tooth and jaw evolution, both in chondrichthyans and more broadly.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • Minor edits to text and figure panels.

  • https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5238205

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted October 20, 2021.
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Diverse stem-chondrichthyan oral structures and evidence for an independently acquired acanthodid dentition
Richard P. Dearden, Sam Giles
bioRxiv 2020.07.08.193839; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.08.193839
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Diverse stem-chondrichthyan oral structures and evidence for an independently acquired acanthodid dentition
Richard P. Dearden, Sam Giles
bioRxiv 2020.07.08.193839; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.08.193839

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