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10 years of EPOC: A scoping review of Emotiv’s portable EEG device

View ORCID ProfileNikolas S Williams, Genevieve M McArthur, View ORCID ProfileNicholas A Badcock
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.14.202085
Nikolas S Williams
1Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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  • For correspondence: nikolas.williams@mq.edu.au
Genevieve M McArthur
1Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Nicholas A Badcock
1Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
2School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Abstract

BACKGROUND Commercially-made low-cost electroencephalography (EEG) devices have become increasingly available over the last decade. One of these devices, Emotiv EPOC, is currently used in a wide variety of settings, including brain-computer interface (BCI) and cognitive neuroscience research.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to chart peer-reviewed reports of Emotiv EPOC projects to provide an informed summary on the use of this device for scientific purposes.

METHODS We followed a five-stage methodological framework for a scoping review that included a systematic search using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. We searched the following electronic databases: PsychINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore. We charted study data according to application (BCI, clinical, signal processing, experimental research, and validation) and location of use (as indexed by the first author’s address).

RESULTS We identified 382 relevant studies. The top five publishing countries were the United States (n = 35), India (n = 25), China (n = 20), Poland (n = 17), and Pakistan (n = 17). The top five publishing cities were Islamabad (n = 11), Singapore (n = 10), Cairo, Sydney, and Bandung (n = 7 each). Most of these studies used Emotiv EPOC for BCI purposes (n = 277), followed by experimental research (n = 51). Thirty-one studies were aimed at validating EPOC as an EEG device and a handful of studies used EPOC for improving EEG signal processing (n = 12) or for clinical purposes (n = 11).

CONCLUSIONS In its first 10 years, Emotiv EPOC has been used around the world in diverse applications, from control of robotic limbs and wheelchairs to user authentication in security systems to identification of emotional states. Given the widespread use and breadth of applications, it is clear that researchers are embracing this technology.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted July 14, 2020.
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10 years of EPOC: A scoping review of Emotiv’s portable EEG device
Nikolas S Williams, Genevieve M McArthur, Nicholas A Badcock
bioRxiv 2020.07.14.202085; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.14.202085
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10 years of EPOC: A scoping review of Emotiv’s portable EEG device
Nikolas S Williams, Genevieve M McArthur, Nicholas A Badcock
bioRxiv 2020.07.14.202085; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.14.202085

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