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- July 25, 2020.
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Author Information
- Ji Chen1,2,*,†,
- Cassandra N. Spracklen3,4,*,
- Gaëlle Marenne1,5,*,
- Arushi Varshney6,*,
- Laura J Corbin7,8,*,
- Jian’an Luan9,
- Sara Willems9,
- Ying Wu3,
- Xiaoshuai Zhang9,10,
- Momoko Horikoshi11,12,13,
- Thibaud S Boutin14,
- Reedik Mägi15,
- Johannes Waage16,17,
- Achilleas Pitsilides18,
- Ruifang Li-Gao19,
- Kei Hang20,21,22,
- Jie Yao23,
- Mila D Anasanti24,
- Audrey Y Chu25,
- Annique Claringbould26,
- Jani Heikkinen24,
- Jaeyoung Hong18,
- Jouke-Jan Hottenga27,28,
- Shaofeng Huo29,
- Marika A. Kaakinen30,24,
- Tin Louie31,
- Winfried März32,33,34,
- Hortensia Moreno-Macias35,
- Anne Ndungu12,
- Sarah C. Nelson31,
- Ilja M. Nolte36,
- Kari North37,
- Chelsea K. Raulerson3,
- Debashree Ray38,
- Rebecca Rohde37,
- Denis Rybin18,
- Claudia Schurmann39,40,
- Xueling Sim41,42,43,
- Loz Southam1,
- Isobel Stewart9,
- Carol A. Wang44,
- Yujie Wang37,
- Peitao Wu18,
- Weihua Zhang45,46,
- Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia16,17,
- Emil VR Appel47,
- Lawrence F. Bielak48,
- Jennifer A. Brody49,
- Noel P Burtt50,
- Claudia P Cabrera51,52,
- Brian E Cade53,54,
- Jin Fang Chai55,
- Xiaoran Chai56,57,
- Li-Ching Chang58,
- Chien-Hsiun Chen58,
- Brian H Chen59,
- Kumaraswamy N Chitrala60,
- Yen-Feng Chiu61,
- Hugoline G. de Haan19,
- Graciela E Delgado34,
- Ayse Demirkan62,
- Qing Duan3,63,
- Jorgen Engmann64,
- Segun A Fatumo65,66,67,
- Javier Gayán68,
- Franco Giulianini69,
- Jung Ho Gong20,
- Stefan Gustafsson70,
- Yang Hai71,
- Fernando P Hartwig72,73,
- Jing He74,
- Yoriko Heianza75,
- Tao Huang76,
- Alicia Huerta-Chagoya77,78,
- Mi Yeong Hwang79,
- Richard A. Jensen49,
- Takahisa Kawaguchi80,
- Katherine A Kentistou81,82,
- Young Jin Kim79,
- Marcus E Kleber34,
- Ishminder K Kooner83,
- Shuiqing Lai84,
- Leslie A Lange85,
- Carl D Langefeld86,
- Marie Lauzon23,
- Man Li87,
- Symen Ligthart62,
- Jun Liu62,88,
- Marie Loh89,45,
- Jirong Long74,
- Valeriya Lyssenko90,91,
- Massimo Mangino92,93,
- Carola Marzi94,95,
- May E Montasser96,
- Abhishek Nag12,
- Masahiro Nakatochi97,
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- Kevin Sandow23,
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- Betina Thuesen181,
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- Elena Tremoli138,
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- Andre Uitterlinden196,
- Rob M van Dam41,183,206,
- Diana van Heemst99,
- Astrid van Hylckama Vlieg19,
- Jana V Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk36,
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- Henrik Vestergaard47,17,
- Tao Wang193,
- Ko Willems van Dijk208,209,210,
- Yongbing Xiang175,
- Tatijana Zemunik211,
- Goncalo R Abecasis43,
- Linda S. Adair150,212,
- Carlos Alberto Aguilar-Salinas213,214,215,
- Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme216,217,
- Ping An218,
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- Diane M Becker220,
- Lawrence J Beilin221,
- Sven Bergmann105,106,222,
- Hans Bisgaard16,17,
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- Klaus Bønnelykke16,17,
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- Mickaël Canouil233,234,
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- Daniel I. Chasman69,237,
- Yii-Der Ida Chen23,
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- Adolfo Correa238,
- Francesco Cucca100,
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- George Dedoussis240,
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- Karen L. Mohlke3,*,
- Claudia Langenberg9,*,
- Eleanor Wheeler9,1,*,
- Andrew P. Morris331,332,12,* and
- Inês Barroso1,333,2,*
- 1Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- 2Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (ExCEeD), Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- 3Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- 4Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- 5Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France
- 6Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- 7MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, UK
- 8Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, UK
- 9MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- 10Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- 11Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- 12Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- 13Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- 14Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
- 15Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- 16COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 17Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- 18Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- 19Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- 20Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- 21Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- 22Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- 23The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, ‘, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- 24Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- 25Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 26Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- 27Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behaviour and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- 28Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam Universities Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- 29CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- 30Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- 31Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- 32SYNLAB Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
- 33Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- 34Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- 35Department of Economics, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
- 36Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- 37CVD Genetic Epidemiology Computational Laboratory, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- 38Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 39The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- 40HPI Digital Health Center, Digital Health and Personalized Medicine, Hasso Plattner Institute, Potsdam, Germany
- 41Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- 42Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- 43Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- 44School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- 45Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- 46Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
- 47Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 48Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- 49Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- 50Metabolism Program, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- 51Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute Barts, The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- 52NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- 53Department of Medicine, Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 54Department of Medicine, Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- 55Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National Univeristy of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- 56Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- 57Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- 58Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Taiwan
- 59Department of Epidemiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- 60Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 61Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- 62Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- 63Department of Statistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- 64Institute of Cardiovascular Science, UCL, London, UK
- 65Uganda Medical Informatics Centre (UMIC), MRC/UVRI and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (Uganda Research Unit), Entebbe, Uganda
- 66London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- 67H3Africa Bioinformatics Network (H3ABioNet) Node, Centre for Genomics Research and Innovation, NABDA/FMST, Abuja, Nigeria
- 68Bioinfosol, Sevilla, Spain
- 69Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 70Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- 71Department of Statistics, The University of Auckland, Science Center, Auckland, New Zealand
- 72Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- 73MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- 74Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- 75Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Obesity Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
- 76Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- 77Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine Unit, National Council for Science and Technology, Mexico City, Mexico
- 78Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine Unit, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
- 79Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
- 80Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto Univsersity Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- 81Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- 82Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- 83Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
- 84Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- 85Department of Medicine, Divison of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
- 86Department of Public Health Sciences, Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- 87Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- 88Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- 89Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- 90Department of Clinical Science, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- 91Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
- 92Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- 93NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, UK
- 94Institute of Epidemiology, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
- 95German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
- 96Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 97Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- 98Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, BZ, Italy
- 99Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- 100Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy, Italy
- 101The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- 102Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- 103Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- 104Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- 105Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- 106Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- 107Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- 108Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 109Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- 110Department of Cell and Molecular Biology., National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- 111Department of Biostatistics, University of Mitchican, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- 112Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- 113Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- 114Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- 115Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- 116Department of Medicine Solna, Cardiovascular medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- 117National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- 118Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- 119Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- 120Department of Pattern Recognition & Bioinformatics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- 121Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- 122Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- 123Genomics plc, Oxford, UK
- 124Center of Pediatric Research, University Children’s Hospital Leipzig, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- 125Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- 126Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- 127Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- 128USC Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- 129Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- 130MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing at UCL, London, UK
- 131Department of Human Genetics, University of Exeter RILD Building Royal Devon and Exeter NHS trust Barrack Road, Exeter, UK
- 132Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam Universities Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- 133Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam Universities Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- 134Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- 135Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 136Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- 137Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Milan, Italy
- 138Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- 139Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- 140Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- 141Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- 142Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institues of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 143Department for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- 144Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- 145Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- 146Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- 147Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- 148Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- 149Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiepi, Taiwan
- 150Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- 151Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- 152Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- 153Department of Medicine Solna, Cardiovascular medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- 154Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- 155Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- 156Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- 157Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- 158Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- 159German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Düsseldorf, Germany
- 160Internal Medicine, Endocrine & Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- 161School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- 162Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- 163Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
- 164Department of Anti-aging Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- 165National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- 166Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 167Clinical Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- 168Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- 169Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- 170Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- 171Institute of Biomedicine, Bioinformatics Center, Univeristy of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- 172Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- 173USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
- 174Department of Anthropology, Sociology and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
- 175State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- 176Lifelines cohort, Groningen, The Netherlands
- 177Internal Medicine, Endocrine & Metabolism, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- 178Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- 179National Defense Medical Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- 180Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- 181Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 182Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 183Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- 184Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- 185Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya, Japan
- 186Department of Diabetes, Diabetes, & Nutritional Sciences, James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
- 187Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
- 188Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
- 189Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- 190Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- 191Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
- 192Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
- 193Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- 194Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
- 195Department of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- 196Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- 197Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- 198Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- 199BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- 200Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- 201German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- 202Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai (CHGC) and Shanghai Academy of Science & Technology (SAST), Shanghai, China
- 203Center for Statistical Genetics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- 204Sarepta Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- 205Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- 206Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- 207Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- 208Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- 209Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- 210Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- 211Department of Human Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- 212Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- 213Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Mexico City, Mexico
- 214225Unidad de Investigacion de Enfermedades Metabolicas. Tec Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- 215Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Tec Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- 216Department of Medical Genomics, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Government Center for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- 217Institute for Environmental Medicine, Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- 218Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- 219Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 220Department of Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 221School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- 222Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- 223Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, 1:042 Polwarth Building, School of Medicine, Medical, Science and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
- 224Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- 225Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- 226Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- 227Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- 228Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Graduate School of Molecular Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- 229LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Imperial College London, UK, Singapore, Singapore
- 230University of Potsdam, Berlin-Potsdam, Germany
- 231Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- 232Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- 233INSERM UMR 1283 / CNRS UMR 8199, European Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Université de Lille, Lille, France
- 234INSERM UMR 1283 / CNRS UMR 8199, European Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- 235Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- 236MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- 237Havard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- 238Department of Medicine, Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- 239Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
- 240Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Kallithea, Greece
- 241Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- 242CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
- 243Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 244Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 245Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- 246Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- 247Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweeden
- 248Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- 249Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- 250Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- 251Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Sweden
- 252Finnish Instituter of Molecular Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
- 253Faculty of Medicine, School of health sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- 254MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- 255Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- 256Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- 257Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- 258Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- 259Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- 260Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- 261MRC/UVRI and LSHTM (Uganda Research Unit), Entebbe, Uganda
- 262Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- 263Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- 264Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK
- 265Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- 266Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- 267Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- 268National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- 269IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- 270Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
- 271University Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- 272Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- 273Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- 274Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- 275Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 276Institute of Environmental Medicine, Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- 277Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- 278Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- 279Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- 280Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Swedish Twin Registry, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweeden
- 281Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- 282Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- 283Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
- 284Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- 285Department of Health Services, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- 286Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- 287Department of Pediatrics, Genetic and Genomic medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- 288Tampere, Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland
- 289Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
- 290Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- 291South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland
- 292Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- 293Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
- 294Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- 295Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 296Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 297Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 298Departent of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- 299Department of Aging and Health, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, UK
- 300Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- 301Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- 302Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- 303Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- 304Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- 305Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- 306Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- 307Department of Epidemiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- 308Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- 309Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- 310Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- 311MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- 312Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, China
- 313Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
- 314Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente of Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
- 315Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
- 316Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
- 317Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- 318Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- 319TUM School of Medicin, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- 320Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- 321NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- 322Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- 323Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- 324Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- 325Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 326Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- 327Department of Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 328Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 329Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- 330Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- 331Department of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- 332Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- 333MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- ↵† Corresponding author; email: j.chen7{at}exeter.ac.uk