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Radiotherapy and chemotherapy alter migration of brain cancer cells before cell death

Michael Merrick, Michael J. Mimlitz, Catherine Weeder, Haris Akhter, Allie Bray, Andrew Walther, Chisom Nwakama, Joe Bamesberger, Honour Djam, Kaamil Abid, View ORCID ProfileAndrew Ekpenyong
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.23.218636
Michael Merrick
1Department of Physics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA; (MM); (MJM); (HD); (AW); (AE)
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  • For correspondence: michaelmerrick@creighton.edu michaelmimlitz@creighton.edu honourdjam@creighton.edu andrewwalther@creighton.edu andrewekpenyong@creighton.edu
Michael J. Mimlitz
1Department of Physics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA; (MM); (MJM); (HD); (AW); (AE)
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  • For correspondence: michaelmerrick@creighton.edu michaelmimlitz@creighton.edu honourdjam@creighton.edu andrewwalther@creighton.edu andrewekpenyong@creighton.edu
Catherine Weeder
2Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA; (CW); (HA); (KA)
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  • For correspondence: catherineweeder@creighton.edu harisakhter@creighton.edu kaamilabid@creighton.edu
Haris Akhter
2Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA; (CW); (HA); (KA)
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  • For correspondence: catherineweeder@creighton.edu harisakhter@creighton.edu kaamilabid@creighton.edu
Allie Bray
3Department of Mathematics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA; (AB)
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  • For correspondence: alliebray@creighton.edu
Andrew Walther
1Department of Physics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA; (MM); (MJM); (HD); (AW); (AE)
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  • For correspondence: michaelmerrick@creighton.edu michaelmimlitz@creighton.edu honourdjam@creighton.edu andrewwalther@creighton.edu andrewekpenyong@creighton.edu
Chisom Nwakama
4Department of Chemistry, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA; (CN)
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  • For correspondence: chisomnwakama@creighton.edu
Joe Bamesberger
5HCB Pre-health Science, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA; (JB)
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  • For correspondence: joebamesberger@creighton.edu
Honour Djam
1Department of Physics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA; (MM); (MJM); (HD); (AW); (AE)
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  • For correspondence: michaelmerrick@creighton.edu michaelmimlitz@creighton.edu honourdjam@creighton.edu andrewwalther@creighton.edu andrewekpenyong@creighton.edu
Kaamil Abid
2Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA; (CW); (HA); (KA)
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  • For correspondence: catherineweeder@creighton.edu harisakhter@creighton.edu kaamilabid@creighton.edu
Andrew Ekpenyong
1Department of Physics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA; (MM); (MJM); (HD); (AW); (AE)
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  • ORCID record for Andrew Ekpenyong
  • For correspondence: andrewekpenyong@creighton.edu michaelmerrick@creighton.edu michaelmimlitz@creighton.edu honourdjam@creighton.edu andrewwalther@creighton.edu andrewekpenyong@creighton.edu
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Abstract

Although radiotherapy and most cancer drugs target the proliferation of cancer cells, it is metastasis, the complex process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor to other tissues and organs of the body where they form new tumors, that leads to over 90% of all cancer deaths. Thus, there is an urgent need for anti-metastasis strategies alongside chemotherapy and radiotherapy. An important step in the metastatic cascade is migration. It is the first step in metastasis via local invasion. Here we address the question whether ionizing radiation and/or chemotherapy might inadvertently promote metastasis and/or invasiveness by enhancing cell migration. We used a standard laboratory irradiator, Faxitron CellRad, to irradiate both non-cancer (HCN2 neurons) and cancer cells (T98G glioblastoma) with 2 Gy, 10 Gy and 20 Gy of X-rays. Paclitaxel (5 μM) was used for chemotherapy. We then measured the attachment and migration of the cells using an electric cell substrate impedance sensing device. Both the irradiated HCN2 cells and T98G cells showed significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced migration compared to non-irradiated cells, within the first 20 to 40 hours following irradiation with 20 Gy. Our results suggest that cell migration should be a therapeutic target in anti-metastasis/anti-invasion strategies for improved radiotherapy and chemotherapy outcomes.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted July 24, 2020.
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Radiotherapy and chemotherapy alter migration of brain cancer cells before cell death
Michael Merrick, Michael J. Mimlitz, Catherine Weeder, Haris Akhter, Allie Bray, Andrew Walther, Chisom Nwakama, Joe Bamesberger, Honour Djam, Kaamil Abid, Andrew Ekpenyong
bioRxiv 2020.07.23.218636; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.23.218636
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Radiotherapy and chemotherapy alter migration of brain cancer cells before cell death
Michael Merrick, Michael J. Mimlitz, Catherine Weeder, Haris Akhter, Allie Bray, Andrew Walther, Chisom Nwakama, Joe Bamesberger, Honour Djam, Kaamil Abid, Andrew Ekpenyong
bioRxiv 2020.07.23.218636; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.23.218636

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