Crystal structures of Arabidopsis and Physcomitrella CR4 reveal the molecular architecture of CRINKLY4 receptor kinases

Abstract

Plant-unique receptor kinases harbor conserved cytoplasmic kinase domains and sequence-diverse ectodomains. Here we report crystal structures of CRINKLY4-type ectodomains from Arabidopsis ACR4 and Physcomitrella patens PpCR4 at 1.95 Å and 2.70 Å resolution, respectively. Monomeric CRINKLY4 ectodomains harbor a N-terminal WD40 domain and a cysteine-rich domain (CRD) connected by a short linker. The WD40 domain forms a seven-bladed β-propeller with the N-terminal strand buried in its center. Each propeller blade is stabilized by a disulfide bond. The CRD forms a β-sandwich structure stabilized by six disulfide bonds and shares low structural homology with tumor necrosis factor receptor domains. Quantitative binding assays reveal that ACR4 is not a direct receptor for the peptide hormone CLE40. An ACR4 variant lacking the entire CRD can rescue the known acr4-2 mutant phenotype, as can expression of PpCR4. Together, an evolutionary conserved signaling function for CRINKLY4 receptor kinases is encoded in its WD40 domain.