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The microbiome affects liver sphingolipids and plasma fatty acids in a murine model of the Western diet based on soybean oil

Sara C. Di Rienzi, Elizabeth L. Johnson, Jillian L. Waters, Elizabeth A. Kennedy, Juliet Jacobson, Peter Lawrence, Dong Hao Wang, Tilla S. Worgall, J. Thomas Brenna, View ORCID ProfileRuth E. Ley
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.03.281626
Sara C. Di Rienzi
1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Elizabeth L. Johnson
2Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Jillian L. Waters
3Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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Elizabeth A. Kennedy
1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Juliet Jacobson
1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Peter Lawrence
2Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Dong Hao Wang
2Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Tilla S. Worgall
4Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, USA
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J. Thomas Brenna
2Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
5Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA
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Ruth E. Ley
1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
3Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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  • ORCID record for Ruth E. Ley
  • For correspondence: rley@tuebingen.mpg.de
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Abstract

Studies in mice using germfree animals as controls for microbial colonization have shown that the gut microbiome mediates diet-induced obesity. Such studies use diets rich in saturated fat, however, Western diets in the USA are enriched in soybean oil, composed of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), either linoleic or oleic acid. Here we addressed whether the microbiome is a variable in fat metabolism in mice on a soybean oil diet. We used conventionally-raised, low-germ, and germfree mice fed for 10 weeks diets either high (HF) or low (LF) in high-linoleic-acid soybean oil as the sole source of fat. All mice, including germfree, gained relative fat weight and consumed more calories on the HF versus LF soybean oil diet. Plasma fatty acid levels were generally dependent on diet, with microbial colonization status affecting iso-C18:0, C20:3n-6, C14:0, and C15:0 levels. Colonization status, but not diet, impacted levels of liver sphingolipids including ceramides, sphingomyelins, and sphinganine. Our results confirm that absorbed fatty acids are mainly a reflection of the diet, and show that microbial colonization influences liver sphingolipid pools.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

  • Abbreviations

    (ALA)
    alpha-linolenic acid
    (ceramide)
    Cer
    (CLA)
    conjugated linoleic acid
    (ClnA)
    conjugated linolenic acid
    (CNV)
    conventional
    (DGLA)
    dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid
    (DH)
    dihydro
    (EPA)
    eicosapentaenoic acid
    (FA)
    fatty acid
    (GF)
    germfree
    (HF)
    high fat
    (LA)
    linoleic acid
    (LF)
    low fat
    (LG)
    low-germ
    (MS)
    microbial status
    (PCoA)
    Principal Coordinate Analysis
    (Sa)
    sphinganine
    (SBO)
    soybean oil
    (SM)
    sphingomyelin
    (So)
    sphingosine
  • Copyright 
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    The microbiome affects liver sphingolipids and plasma fatty acids in a murine model of the Western diet based on soybean oil
    Sara C. Di Rienzi, Elizabeth L. Johnson, Jillian L. Waters, Elizabeth A. Kennedy, Juliet Jacobson, Peter Lawrence, Dong Hao Wang, Tilla S. Worgall, J. Thomas Brenna, Ruth E. Ley
    bioRxiv 2020.09.03.281626; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.03.281626
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    The microbiome affects liver sphingolipids and plasma fatty acids in a murine model of the Western diet based on soybean oil
    Sara C. Di Rienzi, Elizabeth L. Johnson, Jillian L. Waters, Elizabeth A. Kennedy, Juliet Jacobson, Peter Lawrence, Dong Hao Wang, Tilla S. Worgall, J. Thomas Brenna, Ruth E. Ley
    bioRxiv 2020.09.03.281626; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.03.281626

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