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Gut Microbiota-Targeted Diets Modulate Human Immune Status

Hannah C. Wastyk, Gabriela K Fragiadakis, Dalia Perelman, Dylan Dahan, Bryan D Merrill, View ORCID ProfileFeiqiao B. Yu, Madeline Topf, Carlos G. Gonzalez, Jennifer L. Robinson, Josh E. Elias, Erica D. Sonnenburg, Christopher D. Gardner, Justin L. Sonnenburg
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.30.321448
Hannah C. Wastyk
2Department of Bioengineering, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Gabriela K Fragiadakis
1Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Dalia Perelman
3Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Dylan Dahan
1Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Bryan D Merrill
1Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Feiqiao B. Yu
5Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
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  • ORCID record for Feiqiao B. Yu
Madeline Topf
1Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Carlos G. Gonzalez
4Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Jennifer L. Robinson
3Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Josh E. Elias
4Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Erica D. Sonnenburg
1Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
6Center for Human Microbiome Studies, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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  • For correspondence: jsonnenburg@stanford.edu cgardner@stanford.edu erica.sonnenburg@stanford.edu
Christopher D. Gardner
3Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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  • For correspondence: jsonnenburg@stanford.edu cgardner@stanford.edu erica.sonnenburg@stanford.edu
Justin L. Sonnenburg
1Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
6Center for Human Microbiome Studies, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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  • For correspondence: jsonnenburg@stanford.edu cgardner@stanford.edu erica.sonnenburg@stanford.edu
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Abstract

Diet modulates the gut microbiome, and gut microbes, in turn, can impact the immune system. Here, we used two gut microbiota-targeted dietary interventions, plant-based fiber or fermented foods, to determine how each influences the human microbiome and immune system in healthy adults. Using a 17-week randomized, prospective study design combined with -omics measurements of microbiome and host, including extensive immune profiling, we found distinct effects of each diet. High-fiber consumers showed increased gut microbiome-encoded glycan-degrading CAZymes despite stable community diversity. Three distinct immunological trajectories in high fiber-consumers corresponded to baseline microbiota diversity. Alternatively, the high-fermented food diet steadily increased microbiota diversity and decreased inflammatory markers. The data highlight how coupling dietary interventions to deep and longitudinal immune and microbiome profiling can provide individualized and population-wide insight. Our results indicate fermented foods may be valuable in countering the decreased microbiome diversity and increased inflammation pervasive in the industrialized society.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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Posted September 30, 2020.
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Gut Microbiota-Targeted Diets Modulate Human Immune Status
Hannah C. Wastyk, Gabriela K Fragiadakis, Dalia Perelman, Dylan Dahan, Bryan D Merrill, Feiqiao B. Yu, Madeline Topf, Carlos G. Gonzalez, Jennifer L. Robinson, Josh E. Elias, Erica D. Sonnenburg, Christopher D. Gardner, Justin L. Sonnenburg
bioRxiv 2020.09.30.321448; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.30.321448
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Gut Microbiota-Targeted Diets Modulate Human Immune Status
Hannah C. Wastyk, Gabriela K Fragiadakis, Dalia Perelman, Dylan Dahan, Bryan D Merrill, Feiqiao B. Yu, Madeline Topf, Carlos G. Gonzalez, Jennifer L. Robinson, Josh E. Elias, Erica D. Sonnenburg, Christopher D. Gardner, Justin L. Sonnenburg
bioRxiv 2020.09.30.321448; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.30.321448

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