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Phylogeny, classification, and character evolution of tribe Citharexyleae (Verbenaceae)

View ORCID ProfileLaura A. Frost, View ORCID ProfileNataly O’Leary, View ORCID ProfileLaura P. Lagomarsino, David C. Tank, View ORCID ProfileRichard G. Olmstead
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.331355
Laura A. Frost
2Department of Biology and Burke Museum, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, 98195
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  • For correspondence: frost.botany@gmail.com
Nataly O’Leary
3Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, Labardén 200, San Isidro, Argentina
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Laura P. Lagomarsino
4Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 70803
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David C. Tank
5Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA, 83844
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Richard G. Olmstead
2Department of Biology and Burke Museum, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, 98195
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Abstract

Premise of the study Tribe Citharexyleae comprises three genera: Baillonia, Citharexylum, and Rehdera. While there is good support for these genera as a clade, relationships between genera remain unresolved due to low sampling of the largest genus, Citharexylum. A molecular phylogenetic approach was taken to resolve intergeneric relationships in Citharexyleae and infrageneric relationships in Citharexylum.

Methods Seven chloroplast regions, two nuclear ribosomal spacers, and six low-copy nuclear loci were analyzed for 64 species of Citharexyleae. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference, and Bayesian multi-species coalescent approaches. Habit, presence/absence of thorns, inflorescence architecture, flower color, fruit color, and geography were examined to identify diagnostic characters for clades within Citharexylum.

Key results Intergeneric relationships resolved Rehdera as sister to Citharexylum and Baillonia nested within Citharexylum. Two species, C. oleinum and C. tetramerum, fell outside of Citharexyleae close to tribe Duranteae. There is strong support for seven clades within Citharexylum, each characterized by a unique combination of geography, fruit color/maturation, and inflorescence architecture.

Conclusions Baillonia is included in Citharexylum; Rehdera is retained as a distinct genus. A subgeneric classification for Citharexylum is proposed.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license.
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Posted October 08, 2020.
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Phylogeny, classification, and character evolution of tribe Citharexyleae (Verbenaceae)
Laura A. Frost, Nataly O’Leary, Laura P. Lagomarsino, David C. Tank, Richard G. Olmstead
bioRxiv 2020.10.08.331355; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.331355
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Phylogeny, classification, and character evolution of tribe Citharexyleae (Verbenaceae)
Laura A. Frost, Nataly O’Leary, Laura P. Lagomarsino, David C. Tank, Richard G. Olmstead
bioRxiv 2020.10.08.331355; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.331355

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