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The marine gastropod Crepidula fornicata remains resilient to ocean acidification across two life history stages

Christopher L Reyes, Brooke E Benson, Morgan Levy, Xuqing Chen, Anthony Pires, Jan A Pechenik, Sarah W Davies
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.331967
Christopher L Reyes
1Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Brooke E Benson
1Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Morgan Levy
2Biology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
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Xuqing Chen
1Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Anthony Pires
3Biology Department, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA
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Jan A Pechenik
2Biology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
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Sarah W Davies
1Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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  • For correspondence: daviessw@bu.edu
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Abstract

Rising atmospheric CO2 reduces seawater pH causing ocean acidification (OA). Understanding how resilient marine organisms respond to OA may help predict how community dynamics will shift as CO2 continues rising. The common slipper shell snail Crepidula fornicata is a resilient marine gastropod native to eastern North America, which has been a successful invader along the western European coastline and elsewhere. To examine its potential resilience to OA, we conducted two controlled laboratory experiments. First, we examined several phenotypes and genome-wide gene expression of C. fornicata in response to pH treatments (7.5, 7.6, 8.0) throughout the larval stage and then tested how conditions experienced as larvae influenced juvenile stages (i.e. carryover effects). Second, we examined genome-wide gene expression patterns of C. fornicata larvae in response to acute (4, 10, 24 and 48 hours) pH treatment (7.5, 8.0). Both C. fornicata larvae and juveniles exhibited resilience to OA and gene expression responses highlight the role of transcriptome plasticity in OA resilience. Larvae did not exhibit reduced growth under OA until they were at least 4 days old. These phenotypic effects were preceded by broad transcriptomic changes, which likely serve as an acclimation mechanism for combating reduced pH conditions frequently experienced in littoral zones. Delayed metamorphosis was observed for larvae reared at reduced pH. Although juvenile size reflected larval rearing pH conditions, no carryover effects in juvenile growth rates were observed. Transcriptomic analyses suggest increased metabolism under OA, which may indicate compensation in reduced pH environments. Time course transcriptomic analyses suggest energetic burdens experienced under OA eventually dissipate, allowing C. fornicata to reduce metabolic demands and acclimate to reduced pH. This study highlights the importance of assessing the effects of OA across life history stages and demonstrates how transcriptomic plasticity can allow highly resilient organisms, like C. fornicata, acclimate to reduced pH environments.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted October 09, 2020.
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The marine gastropod Crepidula fornicata remains resilient to ocean acidification across two life history stages
Christopher L Reyes, Brooke E Benson, Morgan Levy, Xuqing Chen, Anthony Pires, Jan A Pechenik, Sarah W Davies
bioRxiv 2020.10.08.331967; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.331967
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The marine gastropod Crepidula fornicata remains resilient to ocean acidification across two life history stages
Christopher L Reyes, Brooke E Benson, Morgan Levy, Xuqing Chen, Anthony Pires, Jan A Pechenik, Sarah W Davies
bioRxiv 2020.10.08.331967; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.331967

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