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Dimensionality-Reduction in the Drosophila Wing as Revealed by Landmark-Free Measurements of Phenotype

View ORCID ProfileVasyl Alba, James E. Carthew, Richard W. Carthew, Madhav Mani
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.13.333740
Vasyl Alba
1Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
2NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
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  • ORCID record for Vasyl Alba
James E. Carthew
1Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
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Richard W. Carthew
2NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
3Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
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Madhav Mani
1Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
2NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
3Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
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  • For correspondence: madhav.mani@gmail.com
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ABSTRACT

Organismal phenotypes emerge from a complex set of genotypic interactions. While technological advances in sequencing provide a quantitative description of an organism’s genotype, characterization of an organism’s physical phenotype lags far behind. Here, we relate genotype to the complex and multi-dimensional phenotype of an anatomical structure using the Drosophila wing as a model system. We develop a mathematical approach that enables a robust description of biologically salient phenotypic variation. Analysing natural phenotypic variation, and variation generated by weak perturbations in genetic and environmental conditions during development, we observe a highly constrained set of wing phenotypes. In a striking example of dimensionality reduction, the nature of varieties produced by the Drosophila developmental program is constrained to a single integrated mode of variation in the wing. Our strategy demonstrates the emergent simplicity manifest in the genotype-to-phenotype map in the Drosophila wing and may represent a general approach for interrogating a variety of genotype-phenotype relationships.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • ↵‡ vasyl.alba{at}northwestern.edu

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
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Posted October 13, 2020.
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Dimensionality-Reduction in the Drosophila Wing as Revealed by Landmark-Free Measurements of Phenotype
Vasyl Alba, James E. Carthew, Richard W. Carthew, Madhav Mani
bioRxiv 2020.10.13.333740; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.13.333740
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Dimensionality-Reduction in the Drosophila Wing as Revealed by Landmark-Free Measurements of Phenotype
Vasyl Alba, James E. Carthew, Richard W. Carthew, Madhav Mani
bioRxiv 2020.10.13.333740; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.13.333740

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