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Root water gates and not changes in root structure provide new insights into plant physiological responses and adaptations to drought, flooding and salinity

View ORCID ProfileJean-Christophe Domec, John S. King, Mary J. Carmichael, Anna Treado Overby, Remi Wortemann R, William K. Smith, Guofang Miao, Asko Noormets, Daniel M. Johnson
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.27.357251
Jean-Christophe Domec
aBordeaux Sciences AGRO, UMR1391 ISPA INRA, 1 Cours du général de Gaulle 33175 Gradignan Cedex, France
bNicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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  • For correspondence: jc.domec@duke.edu
John S. King
cDepartment of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Mary J. Carmichael
dDepartments of Biology and Environmental Studies, Hollins University, Roanoke, VA 24020, USA
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Anna Treado Overby
ePlanning, Design and the Built Environment, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Remi Wortemann R
fUniversité de Lorraine, INRA, UMR 1434 Silva, 54000, Nancy, France
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William K. Smith
gDepartment of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
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Guofang Miao
hSchool of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, FJ-350007, P.R. China
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Asko Noormets
iDepartment of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Daniel M. Johnson
jWarnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Abstract

The influence of aquaporin (AQP) activity on plant water movement remains unclear, especially in plants subject to unfavorable conditions. We applied a multitiered approach at a range of plant scales to (i) characterize the resistances controlling water transport under drought, flooding and flooding plus salinity conditions; (ii) quantify the respective effects of AQP activity and xylem structure on root (Kroot), stem (Kstem) and leaf (Kleaf) conductances, and (iii) evaluate the impact of AQP-regulated transport capacity on gas exchange. We found that drought, flooding and flooding-salinity reduced Kroot and root AQP activity in Pinus taeda, whereas Kroot of the flood-tolerant Taxodium distichum did not decline under flooding. The extent of the AQP-control of transport efficiency varied among organs and species, ranging from 35%-55% in Kroot to 10%-30% in Kstem and Kleaf. In response to treatments, AQP-mediated inhibition of Kroot rather than changes in xylem acclimation controlled the fluctuations in Kroot. The reduction in stomatal conductance and its sensitivity to vapor pressure deficit were direct responses to decreased whole-plant conductance triggered by lower Kroot and larger resistance belowground. Our results provide new mechanistic and functional insights on plant hydraulics that are essential to quantifying the influences of future stress on ecosystem function.

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Posted October 27, 2020.
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Root water gates and not changes in root structure provide new insights into plant physiological responses and adaptations to drought, flooding and salinity
Jean-Christophe Domec, John S. King, Mary J. Carmichael, Anna Treado Overby, Remi Wortemann R, William K. Smith, Guofang Miao, Asko Noormets, Daniel M. Johnson
bioRxiv 2020.10.27.357251; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.27.357251
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Root water gates and not changes in root structure provide new insights into plant physiological responses and adaptations to drought, flooding and salinity
Jean-Christophe Domec, John S. King, Mary J. Carmichael, Anna Treado Overby, Remi Wortemann R, William K. Smith, Guofang Miao, Asko Noormets, Daniel M. Johnson
bioRxiv 2020.10.27.357251; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.27.357251

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