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Quaternary climate change explains global patterns of tree beta-diversity

View ORCID ProfileWu-Bing Xu, View ORCID ProfileWen-Yong Guo, View ORCID ProfileJosep M. Serra-Diaz, View ORCID ProfileFranziska Schrodt, View ORCID ProfileWolf L. Eiserhardt, View ORCID ProfileBrian J. Enquist, View ORCID ProfileBrian S. Maitner, Cory Merow, Cyrille Violle, Madhur Anand, Michaël Belluau, View ORCID ProfileHans Henrik Bruun, Chaeho Byun, View ORCID ProfileJane A. Catford, View ORCID ProfileBruno E. L. Cerabolini, View ORCID ProfileEduardo Chacón-Madrigal, View ORCID ProfileDaniela Ciccarelli, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, View ORCID ProfileAnh Tuan Dang-Le, Angel de Frutos, View ORCID ProfileArildo S. Dias, View ORCID ProfileAelton B. Giroldo, View ORCID ProfileAlvaro G. Gutiérrez, View ORCID ProfileWesley Hattingh, View ORCID ProfileTianhua He, Peter Hietz, View ORCID ProfileNate Hough-Snee, View ORCID ProfileSteven Jansen, View ORCID ProfileJens Kattge, Benjamin Komac, Nathan Kraft, Koen Kramer, Sandra Lavorel, Christopher H. Lusk, View ORCID ProfileAdam R. Martin, View ORCID ProfileKe-Ping Ma, View ORCID ProfileMaurizio Mencuccini, View ORCID ProfileSean T. Michaletz, View ORCID ProfileVanessa Minden, View ORCID ProfileAkira S. Mori, View ORCID ProfileÜlo Niinemets, Yusuke Onoda, Renske E. Onstein, View ORCID ProfileJosep Peñuelas, Valério D. Pillar, View ORCID ProfileJan Pisek, View ORCID ProfileMatthew J. Pound, View ORCID ProfileBjorn J.M. Robroek, Brandon Schamp, View ORCID ProfileMartijn Slot, Ênio Sosinski, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, View ORCID ProfileNelson Thiffault, Peter van Bodegom, Fons van der Plas, Jingming Zheng, View ORCID ProfileJens-Christian Svenning, View ORCID ProfileAlejandro Ordonez
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.14.382846
Wu-Bing Xu
1Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; ; (WBX); ; (WYG); (JCS); (AO)
2Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (WLE)
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  • For correspondence: wbingxu@gmail.com wubingxu@bio.au.dk wbingxu@gmail.com wenyong.guo@bio.au.dk guowyhgy@gmail.com svenning@bio.au.dk alejandro.ordonez@bio.au.dk wolf.eiserhardt@bio.au.dk
Wen-Yong Guo
1Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; ; (WBX); ; (WYG); (JCS); (AO)
2Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (WLE)
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Josep M. Serra-Diaz
3Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Silva, Nancy, France;
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Franziska Schrodt
4School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom;
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Wolf L. Eiserhardt
2Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (WLE)
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Brian J. Enquist
5Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721, USA; (BJE)
6The Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
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Brian S. Maitner
7Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; (BSM); (CM)
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Cory Merow
7Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; (BSM); (CM)
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Cyrille Violle
8UMR 5175 CEFE, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France;
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Madhur Anand
9School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada;
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Michaël Belluau
10Centre for Forest Research, Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, PO Box 8888, Centre-ville station, Montréal (Qc) H3C 3P8, Canada;
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Hans Henrik Bruun
11Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark;
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Chaeho Byun
12Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Korea;
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Jane A. Catford
13Department of Geography, King’s College London, London, WC2B 4BG, UK;
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Bruno E. L. Cerabolini
14Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal
15Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica; 11501-2060 San Jose, Costa Rica;
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Daniela Ciccarelli
16Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
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Johannes H. C. Cornelissen
17Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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Anh Tuan Dang-Le
18University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;
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Angel de Frutos
19German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (AdF); (JK); (REO);
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Arildo S. Dias
20Goethe University, Institute for Physical Geography, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
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Aelton B. Giroldo
21Departamento de Ensino, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia do Ceará - IFCE campus Crateús, Avenida Geraldo Barbosa Marques, 567, Crateús, Brazil. 63708-260; ;
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Alvaro G. Gutiérrez
22Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile;
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Wesley Hattingh
23Global Systems and Analytics, Nova Pioneer, Paulshof, Gauteng, South Africa;
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Tianhua He
24School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;
25College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia;
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Peter Hietz
26Institute of Botany, University of Natuiral Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria;
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Nate Hough-Snee
27Four Peaks Environmental Science and Data Solutions, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA;
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Steven Jansen
28Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
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Jens Kattge
19German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (AdF); (JK); (REO);
29Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knöll Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany;
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Benjamin Komac
30Centre d’Estudis de la Neu i la Muntanya d’Andorra, Institut d’Estudis Andorrans (CENMA - IEA), Avinguda Rocafort 21–23, AD600 Sant Julià de Lòria, Principality of Andorra;
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Nathan Kraft
31Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
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Koen Kramer
32Wageningen University, Forest Ecology and Management group, Droevendaalseseeeg 4 6700 AA Wageningen; and Land Life Company, Mauritskade 63, 1092AD Amsterdam;
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Sandra Lavorel
33Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, LECA, UMR UGA-USMB-CNRS 5553, Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble Cedex 9, France;
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Christopher H. Lusk
34Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand;
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Adam R. Martin
35Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, M1C 1A4 Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
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Ke-Ping Ma
36State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;
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Maurizio Mencuccini
37ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain;
38CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain; (JP)
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Sean T. Michaletz
39Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
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Vanessa Minden
40Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
41Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany;
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Akira S. Mori
42Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan;
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Ülo Niinemets
43Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia;
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Yusuke Onoda
44Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan; ;
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Renske E. Onstein
19German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (AdF); (JK); (REO);
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Josep Peñuelas
38CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain; (JP)
45CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain;
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Valério D. Pillar
46Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil;
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Jan Pisek
47Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Observatooriumi 1, Tõravere, 61602, Tartumaa, Estonia;
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Matthew J. Pound
48Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom;
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Bjorn J.M. Robroek
49Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology Group, Faculty of Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands;
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Brandon Schamp
50Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2G4, Canada;
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Martijn Slot
51Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama;
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Ênio Sosinski
52Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, 70770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil;
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Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia
53Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands; (NAS); (PvB)
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Nelson Thiffault
54Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4C7, Canada;
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Peter van Bodegom
53Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands; (NAS); (PvB)
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Fons van der Plas
55Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Germany;
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Jingming Zheng
56Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China;
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Jens-Christian Svenning
1Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; ; (WBX); ; (WYG); (JCS); (AO)
2Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (WLE)
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  • For correspondence: wubingxu@bio.au.dk wbingxu@gmail.com wenyong.guo@bio.au.dk guowyhgy@gmail.com svenning@bio.au.dk alejandro.ordonez@bio.au.dk wolf.eiserhardt@bio.au.dk
Alejandro Ordonez
1Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; ; (WBX); ; (WYG); (JCS); (AO)
2Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (WLE)
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  • For correspondence: wubingxu@bio.au.dk wbingxu@gmail.com wenyong.guo@bio.au.dk guowyhgy@gmail.com svenning@bio.au.dk alejandro.ordonez@bio.au.dk wolf.eiserhardt@bio.au.dk
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Abstract

Both historical and contemporary environmental conditions determine present biodiversity patterns, but their relative importance is not well understood. One way to disentangle their relative effects is to assess how different dimensions of beta-diversity relate to past climatic changes, i.e., taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional compositional dissimilarity, and their components generated by replacement of species, lineages and traits (turnover) and richness changes (nestedness). Here, we quantify global patterns of each of these aspects of beta-diversity among neighboring sites for angiosperm trees using the most extensive global database of tree species-distributions (43,635 species). We found that temperature change since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was the major influence on both turnover and nestedness components of beta-diversity, with a negative correlation to turnover and a positive correlation to nestedness. Moreover, phylogenetic and functional nestedness was higher than expected from taxonomic beta-diversity in regions that experienced large temperature changes since the LGM. This pattern reflects relatively greater losses of phylogenetic and functional diversity in species-poor assemblages, possibly caused by phylogenetically and functionally selective species extinction and recolonization during glacial-interglacial oscillations. Our results send a strong warning that rapid anthropogenic climate change is likely to result in a long-lasting phylogenetic and functional compositional simplification, potentially impairing forest ecosystem functioning.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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Quaternary climate change explains global patterns of tree beta-diversity
Wu-Bing Xu, Wen-Yong Guo, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Franziska Schrodt, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Brian J. Enquist, Brian S. Maitner, Cory Merow, Cyrille Violle, Madhur Anand, Michaël Belluau, Hans Henrik Bruun, Chaeho Byun, Jane A. Catford, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal, Daniela Ciccarelli, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Anh Tuan Dang-Le, Angel de Frutos, Arildo S. Dias, Aelton B. Giroldo, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Wesley Hattingh, Tianhua He, Peter Hietz, Nate Hough-Snee, Steven Jansen, Jens Kattge, Benjamin Komac, Nathan Kraft, Koen Kramer, Sandra Lavorel, Christopher H. Lusk, Adam R. Martin, Ke-Ping Ma, Maurizio Mencuccini, Sean T. Michaletz, Vanessa Minden, Akira S. Mori, Ülo Niinemets, Yusuke Onoda, Renske E. Onstein, Josep Peñuelas, Valério D. Pillar, Jan Pisek, Matthew J. Pound, Bjorn J.M. Robroek, Brandon Schamp, Martijn Slot, Ênio Sosinski, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Nelson Thiffault, Peter van Bodegom, Fons van der Plas, Jingming Zheng, Jens-Christian Svenning, Alejandro Ordonez
bioRxiv 2020.11.14.382846; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.14.382846
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Quaternary climate change explains global patterns of tree beta-diversity
Wu-Bing Xu, Wen-Yong Guo, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Franziska Schrodt, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Brian J. Enquist, Brian S. Maitner, Cory Merow, Cyrille Violle, Madhur Anand, Michaël Belluau, Hans Henrik Bruun, Chaeho Byun, Jane A. Catford, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal, Daniela Ciccarelli, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Anh Tuan Dang-Le, Angel de Frutos, Arildo S. Dias, Aelton B. Giroldo, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Wesley Hattingh, Tianhua He, Peter Hietz, Nate Hough-Snee, Steven Jansen, Jens Kattge, Benjamin Komac, Nathan Kraft, Koen Kramer, Sandra Lavorel, Christopher H. Lusk, Adam R. Martin, Ke-Ping Ma, Maurizio Mencuccini, Sean T. Michaletz, Vanessa Minden, Akira S. Mori, Ülo Niinemets, Yusuke Onoda, Renske E. Onstein, Josep Peñuelas, Valério D. Pillar, Jan Pisek, Matthew J. Pound, Bjorn J.M. Robroek, Brandon Schamp, Martijn Slot, Ênio Sosinski, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Nelson Thiffault, Peter van Bodegom, Fons van der Plas, Jingming Zheng, Jens-Christian Svenning, Alejandro Ordonez
bioRxiv 2020.11.14.382846; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.14.382846

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