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Rapid shift in microbial community structure in a neutral hydrothermal hot spring from Costa Rica

Diego Rojas-Gätjens, Alejandro Arce-Rodríguez, View ORCID ProfileFernando Puente-Sánchez, Roberto Avendaño, Eduardo Libby, Geraldine Conejo-Barboza, Raul Mora-Amador, Keilor Rojas, Dietmar H. Pieper, View ORCID ProfileMax Chavarría
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.23.395137
Diego Rojas-Gätjens
1Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, 1174-1200, San José, Costa Rica
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Alejandro Arce-Rodríguez
2Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
3Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
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Fernando Puente-Sánchez
4Systems Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), C/Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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  • ORCID record for Fernando Puente-Sánchez
Roberto Avendaño
1Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, 1174-1200, San José, Costa Rica
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Eduardo Libby
5Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
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Geraldine Conejo-Barboza
5Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
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Raul Mora-Amador
6Escuela de Geología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
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Keilor Rojas
7Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
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Dietmar H. Pieper
3Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
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Max Chavarría
1Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, 1174-1200, San José, Costa Rica
5Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
8Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
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  • ORCID record for Max Chavarría
  • For correspondence: max.chavarria@ucr.ac.cr
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Abstract

In this work, we characterize the geochemistry and microbial community of Bajo las Peñas, a neutral (pH 6.5-7.4), hot spring (T = 62.0-68.0°C) located near Turrialba Volcano, Costa Rica. The microbiota at its two sources belongs mainly to the family Aquificae, comprising OTUs closely related to the genera Sulfurihydrogenibium, Thermosulfidibacter, Thermodesulfovibrio and Thermocrinis which is consistent with the presence of moderate levels of sulfate (243-284 mg/L) along the stream. We determined a dramatic shift in the microbial community just a few meters downstream of the sources of the hot spring (15-20 meters), with a change from sulfur related chemoautotrophic (e.g. Sulfurihydrogenibium and an OTU closely related to Thermodesulfovibrio) to chemoheterotrophic prokaryotes (e.g. Meiothermus, Nitrososphaera, Thermoflexus, Thermus). Thus, in this neutral hot spring, the first level of the trophic chain is associated with photosynthesis as well other anaerobic CO2 fixing bacteria. Then, thermotolerant chemoheterotrophic bacteria colonize the environment to degrade organic matter and use fermentative products from the first level of the trophic chain. Our data demonstrate how quickly the microbial community of an ecosystem can change in response to environmental variables and sheds light on the microbial ecology of less common circumneutral pH hot springs.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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Posted November 24, 2020.
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Rapid shift in microbial community structure in a neutral hydrothermal hot spring from Costa Rica
Diego Rojas-Gätjens, Alejandro Arce-Rodríguez, Fernando Puente-Sánchez, Roberto Avendaño, Eduardo Libby, Geraldine Conejo-Barboza, Raul Mora-Amador, Keilor Rojas, Dietmar H. Pieper, Max Chavarría
bioRxiv 2020.11.23.395137; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.23.395137
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Rapid shift in microbial community structure in a neutral hydrothermal hot spring from Costa Rica
Diego Rojas-Gätjens, Alejandro Arce-Rodríguez, Fernando Puente-Sánchez, Roberto Avendaño, Eduardo Libby, Geraldine Conejo-Barboza, Raul Mora-Amador, Keilor Rojas, Dietmar H. Pieper, Max Chavarría
bioRxiv 2020.11.23.395137; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.23.395137

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