ABSTRACT
Understanding complex biological systems requires visualizing structures and processes deep within living organisms. We developed a compact adaptive optics module and incorporated it into two- and three-photon fluorescence microscopes, to measure and correct tissue-induced aberrations. We resolved synaptic structures in deep cortical and subcortical areas of the mouse brain, and demonstrated high-resolution imaging of neuronal structures and somatosensory-evoked calcium responses in the mouse spinal cord at unprecedented depths in vivo.
Competing Interest Statement
N.J. and Howard Hughes Medical Institute have filed patent applications that relate to the principle of frequency-multiplexed aberration measurement. T.G.B. has a financial interest in Boston Micromachines Corporation (BMC), which produced commercially the deformable mirror used in this work.
