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Networks of marine protected areas under fluctuating connectivity: The importance of within-MPA dynamics

View ORCID ProfileRidouan Bani, Tianna Peller, Justin Marleau, Marie-Josée Fortin, Frédéric Guichard
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.05.413013
Ridouan Bani
1Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Docteur Penfield, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada E-mail:
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  • For correspondence: rbani20@gmail.com ridouan.bani@mail.mcgill.ca
Tianna Peller
1Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Docteur Penfield, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada E-mail:
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  • For correspondence: ridouan.bani@mail.mcgill.ca
Justin Marleau
1Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Docteur Penfield, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada E-mail:
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  • For correspondence: ridouan.bani@mail.mcgill.ca
Marie-Josée Fortin
2Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
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Frédéric Guichard
1Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Docteur Penfield, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada E-mail:
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  • For correspondence: ridouan.bani@mail.mcgill.ca
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Abstract

The design of marine protected areas (MPAs) has been optimized under assumptions of spatially and temporally homogeneous larval dispersal, despite complex spatiotemporal patterns displayed by ocean currents. Here we studied the effect of dispersal variability on the effectiveness of MPA networks across scales. We adopted a nested approach integrating the dynamics of both within and among MPA connectivity into a stochastic metapopulation model and first derived metapopulation persistence (required reproductive effort) and stability over MPA networks by partitioning within and among MPA contributions in relation to the spatial resolution of within-MPA connectivity. We applied this framework over a range of dispersal traits (spawning time and pelagic larval duration) and MPA network configurations, based on simulated biophysical connectivity along the northeast Pacific coast. Our results show how within-MPA dynamics affect predictions based on parameters of MPA networks such as MPA size, spacing, and pelagic larval duration. Increasing within-MPA spatial resolution predicted increasing population persistence and stability independently of other network properties. High-resolution within-MPA dynamics also predicted a negative relationship between species persistence and MPA spacing while that relationship was non-monotonic under low-resolution within-MPA dynamics. Our analysis also resolved the role of pelagic larval duration for scaling up within-MPA dynamics to MPA networks: species with short larval duration led to increasing network stability with MPA spacing while the opposite was observed for species with long larval duration. Our study stresses the importance of integrating fluctuating larval connectivity, both within and among MPAs, and more specifically suggest the benefit of small and nearby MPAs under increasing ocean variability.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted December 07, 2020.
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Networks of marine protected areas under fluctuating connectivity: The importance of within-MPA dynamics
Ridouan Bani, Tianna Peller, Justin Marleau, Marie-Josée Fortin, Frédéric Guichard
bioRxiv 2020.12.05.413013; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.05.413013
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Networks of marine protected areas under fluctuating connectivity: The importance of within-MPA dynamics
Ridouan Bani, Tianna Peller, Justin Marleau, Marie-Josée Fortin, Frédéric Guichard
bioRxiv 2020.12.05.413013; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.05.413013

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