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Haplotype divergence supports ancient asexuality in the oribatid mite Oppiella nova

View ORCID ProfileA. Brandt, View ORCID ProfileP. Tran Van, View ORCID ProfileC. Bluhm, View ORCID ProfileY. Anselmetti, Z. Dumas, E. Figuet, View ORCID ProfileC. M. François, View ORCID ProfileN. Galtier, View ORCID ProfileB. Heimburger, View ORCID ProfileK. S. Jaron, M. Labédan, View ORCID ProfileM. Maraun, View ORCID ProfileD. J. Parker, View ORCID ProfileM. Robinson-Rechavi, View ORCID ProfileI. Schaefer, View ORCID ProfileP. Simion, View ORCID ProfileS. Scheu, View ORCID ProfileT. Schwander, View ORCID ProfileJ. Bast, 2020
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.07.414623
A. Brandt
1JFB Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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  • For correspondence: abrandt3@gwdg.de
P. Tran Van
2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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  • ORCID record for P. Tran Van
C. Bluhm
1JFB Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
3Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Wuerttemberg, Freiburg, Germany
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Y. Anselmetti
4ISEM - Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Montpellier, France
5CoBIUS lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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Z. Dumas
2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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E. Figuet
4ISEM - Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Montpellier, France
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C. M. François
4ISEM - Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Montpellier, France
6Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 19 LEHNA, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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N. Galtier
4ISEM - Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Montpellier, France
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B. Heimburger
1JFB Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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K. S. Jaron
2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
7Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
8Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, GB
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M. Labédan
2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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M. Maraun
1JFB Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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D. J. Parker
2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
7Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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M. Robinson-Rechavi
2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
7Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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I. Schaefer
1JFB Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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P. Simion
4ISEM - Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Montpellier, France
9Université de Namur, LEGE, URBE, Namur, 5000, Belgium
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S. Scheu
1JFB Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
10Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Goettingen, Germany
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T. Schwander
2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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J. Bast
2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
11Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Koeln, Germany
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Abstract

Sex strongly impacts genome evolution via recombination and segregation. In the absence of these processes, haplotypes within lineages of diploid organisms are predicted to accumulate mutations independently of each other and diverge over time. This so-called ‘Meselson effect’ is regarded as a strong indicator of the long-term evolution under obligate asexuality. Here, we present genomic and transcriptomic data of three populations of the asexual oribatid mite species Oppiella nova and its sexual relative Oppiella subpectinata. We document strikingly different patterns of haplotype divergence between the two species, strongly supporting Meselson effect like evolution and ancient asexuality in O. nova: (I) Variation within individuals exceeds variation between populations in O. nova but vice versa in O. subpectinata. (II) Two O. nova sub-lineages feature a high proportion of heterozygous genotypes and lineage-specific haplotypes, indicating that haplotypes diverged independently within the two lineages after their split. (III) The deepest split in gene trees generally separates haplotypes in O. nova, but populations in O. subpectinata. (IV) Tree topologies of the two haplotypes match each other. Our findings provide positive evidence for the absence of sex over evolutionary time in O. nova and suggest that asexual oribatid mites can escape the dead-end fate usually associated with asexual lineages.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • ↵† Shared senior authorship, authors four to 16 in alphabetical order

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted December 08, 2020.
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Haplotype divergence supports ancient asexuality in the oribatid mite Oppiella nova
A. Brandt, P. Tran Van, C. Bluhm, Y. Anselmetti, Z. Dumas, E. Figuet, C. M. François, N. Galtier, B. Heimburger, K. S. Jaron, M. Labédan, M. Maraun, D. J. Parker, M. Robinson-Rechavi, I. Schaefer, P. Simion, S. Scheu, T. Schwander, J. Bast, 2020
bioRxiv 2020.12.07.414623; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.07.414623
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Haplotype divergence supports ancient asexuality in the oribatid mite Oppiella nova
A. Brandt, P. Tran Van, C. Bluhm, Y. Anselmetti, Z. Dumas, E. Figuet, C. M. François, N. Galtier, B. Heimburger, K. S. Jaron, M. Labédan, M. Maraun, D. J. Parker, M. Robinson-Rechavi, I. Schaefer, P. Simion, S. Scheu, T. Schwander, J. Bast, 2020
bioRxiv 2020.12.07.414623; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.07.414623

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