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Virus-associated organosulfur metabolism in human and environmental systems

View ORCID ProfileKristopher Kieft, Adam M. Breister, View ORCID ProfilePhil Huss, View ORCID ProfileAlexandra M. Linz, Elizabeth Zanetakos, View ORCID ProfileZhichao Zhou, View ORCID ProfileJanina Rahlff, Sarah P. Esser, View ORCID ProfileAlexander J. Probst, View ORCID ProfileSrivatsan Raman, View ORCID ProfileSimon Roux, View ORCID ProfileKarthik Anantharaman
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425418
Kristopher Kieft
1Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Adam M. Breister
1Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Phil Huss
1Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
2Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Alexandra M. Linz
3Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Elizabeth Zanetakos
1Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Zhichao Zhou
1Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Janina Rahlff
4Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Sarah P. Esser
4Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Alexander J. Probst
4Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Srivatsan Raman
1Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
2Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Simon Roux
5Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
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Karthik Anantharaman
1Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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  • For correspondence: karthik@bact.wisc.edu
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Summary

Viruses influence the fate of nutrients and human health by killing microorganisms and altering metabolic processes. Organosulfur metabolism and biologically-derived hydrogen sulfide play dynamic roles in manifestation of diseases, infrastructure degradation, and essential biological processes. While microbial organosulfur metabolism is well-studied, the role of viruses in organosulfur metabolism is unknown. Here we report the discovery of 39 gene families involved in organosulfur metabolism encoded by 3,749 viruses from diverse ecosystems, including human microbiomes. The viruses infect organisms from all three domains of life. Six gene families encode for enzymes that degrade organosulfur compounds into sulfide, while others manipulate organosulfur compounds and may influence sulfide production. We show that viral metabolic genes encode key enzymatic domains, are translated into protein, are maintained after recombination, and that sulfide provides a fitness advantage to viruses. Our results reveal viruses as drivers of organosulfur metabolism with important implications for human and environmental health.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • ↵† Address: 4550 MSB, 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706

  • https://github.com/AnantharamanLab/Kieft_et_al_2020_organosulfur_AMGs

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted January 05, 2021.
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Virus-associated organosulfur metabolism in human and environmental systems
Kristopher Kieft, Adam M. Breister, Phil Huss, Alexandra M. Linz, Elizabeth Zanetakos, Zhichao Zhou, Janina Rahlff, Sarah P. Esser, Alexander J. Probst, Srivatsan Raman, Simon Roux, Karthik Anantharaman
bioRxiv 2021.01.05.425418; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425418
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Virus-associated organosulfur metabolism in human and environmental systems
Kristopher Kieft, Adam M. Breister, Phil Huss, Alexandra M. Linz, Elizabeth Zanetakos, Zhichao Zhou, Janina Rahlff, Sarah P. Esser, Alexander J. Probst, Srivatsan Raman, Simon Roux, Karthik Anantharaman
bioRxiv 2021.01.05.425418; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425418

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