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Differential Conditioning Produces Merged Long-term Memory in Drosophila

View ORCID ProfileBohan Zhao, Jiameng Sun, Qian Li, View ORCID ProfileYi Zhong
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.13.426486
Bohan Zhao
1School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
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  • ORCID record for Bohan Zhao
Jiameng Sun
1School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
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Qian Li
1School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
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Yi Zhong
1School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
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  • For correspondence: zhongyithu@tsinghua.edu.cn
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Abstract

Multiple spaced trials of aversive differential conditioning can produce two independent longterm memories (LTMs) of opposite valence. One is an aversive memory for avoiding the conditioned stimulus (CS+), and the other is a safety memory for approaching the non-conditioned stimulus (CS−). Here, we show that a single trial of aversive differential conditioning yields one merged LTM (mLTM) for avoiding both CS+ and CS−. Such mLTM can be detected after sequential exposures to the shock-paired CS+ and unpaired CS−, and be retrieved by either CS+ or CS−. The formation of mLTM relies on triggering aversive-reinforcing dopaminergic neurons and subsequent new protein synthesis. Expressing mLTM involves αβ Kenyon cells and corresponding approach-directing mushroom body output neurons (MBONs), in which similar-amplitude long-term depression of responses to CS+ and CS− seems to signal the mLTM. Our results suggest that animals can develop distinct strategies for occasional and repeated threatening experiences.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted January 31, 2021.
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Differential Conditioning Produces Merged Long-term Memory in Drosophila
Bohan Zhao, Jiameng Sun, Qian Li, Yi Zhong
bioRxiv 2021.01.13.426486; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.13.426486
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Differential Conditioning Produces Merged Long-term Memory in Drosophila
Bohan Zhao, Jiameng Sun, Qian Li, Yi Zhong
bioRxiv 2021.01.13.426486; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.13.426486

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