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- January 16, 2021.
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- Colleen J. Gillon1,2,3,*,
- Jason E. Pina4,5,*,
- Jérôme A. Lecoq6,*,
- Ruweida Ahmed6,
- Yazan Billeh6,
- Shiella Caldejon6,
- Peter Groblewski6,
- Tim M. Henley4,5,
- India Kato6,
- Eric Lee6,
- Jennifer Luviano6,
- Kyla Mace6,
- Chelsea Nayan6,
- Thuyanh Nguyen6,
- Kat North6,
- Jed Perkins6,
- Sam Seid6,
- Matthew Valley6,
- Ali Williford6,
- Yoshua Bengio3,7,8,
- Timothy P. Lillicrap9,10,
- Blake A. Richards3,8,11,12,# and
- Joel Zylberberg4,5,8,13,#,†
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- 2Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- 3Mila, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- 4Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- 5Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- 6Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
- 7Département d’informatique et de recherche opérationnelle, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- 8Learning in Machines and Brains Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- 9DeepMind, Inc., London, UK
- 10Centre for Computation, Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- 11School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- 12Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- 13Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ↵†Corresponding author; email: joelzy{at}yorku.ca
↵*,# These authors contributed equally.