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Design considerations of a wearable electronic-skin for mental health and wellness: balancing biosignals and human factors

View ORCID ProfileYasser Khan, Matthew L. Mauriello, Parsa Nowruzi, Akshara Motani, Grace Hon, Nicholas Vitale, Jinxing Li, Jayoung Kim, Amir Foudeh, Dalton Duvio, Erika Shols, Megan Chesnut, James Landay, View ORCID ProfileJan Liphardt, Leanne Williams, View ORCID ProfileKeith D. Sudheimer, View ORCID ProfileBoris Murmann, View ORCID ProfileZhenan Bao, View ORCID ProfilePablo E. Paredes
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.20.427496
Yasser Khan
aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Matthew L. Mauriello
bDepartment of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711
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Parsa Nowruzi
cDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Akshara Motani
cDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Grace Hon
cDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Nicholas Vitale
dDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Jinxing Li
aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Jayoung Kim
aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Amir Foudeh
aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Dalton Duvio
cDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Erika Shols
cDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Megan Chesnut
cDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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James Landay
eDepartment of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Jan Liphardt
fDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Leanne Williams
cDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Keith D. Sudheimer
gDepartment of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
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Boris Murmann
dDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Zhenan Bao
aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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  • For correspondence: zbao@stanford.edu paredes@cs.stanford.edu
Pablo E. Paredes
cDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
hDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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  • For correspondence: zbao@stanford.edu paredes@cs.stanford.edu
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Abstract

Chronic stress has been associated with a variety of pathophysiological risks including developing mental illness. Conversely, appropriate stress management, can be used to foster mental wellness proactively. Yet, there is no existing method that accurately and objectively monitors stress. With recent advances in electronic-skin (e-skin) and wearable technologies, it is possible to design devices that continuously measure physiological parameters linked to chronic stress and other mental health and wellness conditions. However, the design approach should be different from conventional wearables due to considerations like signal-to-noise ratio and the risk of stigmatization. Here, we present a multi-part study that combines user-centered design with engineering-centered data collection to inform future design efforts. To assess human factors, we conducted an n=24 participant design probe study that examined perceptions of an e-skin for mental health and wellness as well as preferred wear locations. We complement this with an n=10 and n=16 participant data collection study to measure physiological signals at several potential wear locations. By balancing human factors and biosignals, we conclude that the upper arm and forearm are optimal wear locations.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
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Posted January 21, 2021.
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Design considerations of a wearable electronic-skin for mental health and wellness: balancing biosignals and human factors
Yasser Khan, Matthew L. Mauriello, Parsa Nowruzi, Akshara Motani, Grace Hon, Nicholas Vitale, Jinxing Li, Jayoung Kim, Amir Foudeh, Dalton Duvio, Erika Shols, Megan Chesnut, James Landay, Jan Liphardt, Leanne Williams, Keith D. Sudheimer, Boris Murmann, Zhenan Bao, Pablo E. Paredes
bioRxiv 2021.01.20.427496; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.20.427496
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Design considerations of a wearable electronic-skin for mental health and wellness: balancing biosignals and human factors
Yasser Khan, Matthew L. Mauriello, Parsa Nowruzi, Akshara Motani, Grace Hon, Nicholas Vitale, Jinxing Li, Jayoung Kim, Amir Foudeh, Dalton Duvio, Erika Shols, Megan Chesnut, James Landay, Jan Liphardt, Leanne Williams, Keith D. Sudheimer, Boris Murmann, Zhenan Bao, Pablo E. Paredes
bioRxiv 2021.01.20.427496; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.20.427496

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