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The composition and function of Enterococcus faecalis membrane vesicles

Irina Afonina, Brenda Tien, Zeus Nair, Artur Matysik, Ling Ning Lam, Mark Veleba, Augustine Koh, Rafi Rashid, Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot, Marcus Wenk, Sun Nyunt Wai, Kimberly A. Kline
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.28.428366
Irina Afonina
1Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
2School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
3Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore 138602
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Brenda Tien
1Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
2School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
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Zeus Nair
1Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
4Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Artur Matysik
1Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
2School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
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Ling Ning Lam
1Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
2School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
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Mark Veleba
1Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
2School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
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Augustine Koh
1Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
2School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
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Rafi Rashid
1Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
5Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
6Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, National University of Singapore, Singapore
7Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Marcus Wenk
6Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, National University of Singapore, Singapore
7Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
8Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Sun Nyunt Wai
9Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Kimberly A. Kline
1Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
2School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
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  • For correspondence: kkline@ntu.edu.sg
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Abstract

Membrane vesicles (MVs) contribute to various biological processes in bacteria, including virulence factor delivery, host immune evasion, and cross-species communication. MVs are frequently being discharged from the surface of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria during growth. In some Gram-positive bacteria, genes affecting MV biogenesis have been identified, but the mechanism of MV formation is unknown. In Enterococcus faecalis, a causative agent of life-threatening bacteraemia and endocarditis, neither mechanisms of MV formation nor their role in virulence has been examined. Since MVs of many bacterial species are implicated in host-pathogen interactions, biofilm formation, horizontal gene transfer, and virulence factor secretion in other species, we sought to identify, describe, and functionally characterize MVs from E. faecalis. Here we show that E. faecalis releases MVs that possess unique lipid and protein profiles, distinct from the intact cell membrane, and are enriched in lipoproteins. MVs of E. faecalis are specifically enriched in unsaturated lipids that might provide membrane flexibility to enable MV formation, providing the first insights into the mechanism of MV formation in this Gram-positive organism.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted January 29, 2021.
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The composition and function of Enterococcus faecalis membrane vesicles
Irina Afonina, Brenda Tien, Zeus Nair, Artur Matysik, Ling Ning Lam, Mark Veleba, Augustine Koh, Rafi Rashid, Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot, Marcus Wenk, Sun Nyunt Wai, Kimberly A. Kline
bioRxiv 2021.01.28.428366; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.28.428366
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The composition and function of Enterococcus faecalis membrane vesicles
Irina Afonina, Brenda Tien, Zeus Nair, Artur Matysik, Ling Ning Lam, Mark Veleba, Augustine Koh, Rafi Rashid, Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot, Marcus Wenk, Sun Nyunt Wai, Kimberly A. Kline
bioRxiv 2021.01.28.428366; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.28.428366

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