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STARCH SYNTHASE 4 is required for normal starch granule initiation in amyloplasts of wheat endosperm

Erica Hawkins, Jiawen Chen, Alexander Watson-Lazowski, Jennifer Ahn-Jarvis, J. Elaine Barclay, Brendan Fahy, Matthew Hartley, Frederick J. Warren, David Seung
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.29.428798
Erica Hawkins
1John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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Jiawen Chen
1John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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Alexander Watson-Lazowski
1John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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Jennifer Ahn-Jarvis
2Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
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J. Elaine Barclay
1John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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Brendan Fahy
1John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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Matthew Hartley
1John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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Frederick J. Warren
2Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
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David Seung
1John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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  • For correspondence: David.Seung@jic.ac.uk
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SUMMARY

  • Starch granule initiation is poorly understood at the molecular level. The glucosyltransferase, STARCH SYNTHASE 4 (SS4), plays a central role in granule initiation in Arabidopsis leaves, but its function in cereal endosperms is unknown. We investigated the role of SS4 in wheat, which has a distinct spatiotemporal pattern of granule initiation during grain development.

  • We generated TILLING mutants in tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum) that are defective in both SS4 homoeologs. The morphology of endosperm starch was examined in developing and mature grains.

  • SS4 deficiency led to severe alterations in endosperm starch granule morphology. During early grain development, while the wild type initiated single ‘A-type’ granules per amyloplast, most amyloplasts in the mutant formed compound granules due to multiple initiations. This phenotype was similar to mutants deficient in B-GRANULE CONTENT 1 (BGC1). SS4 deficiency also reduced starch content in leaves and pollen grains.

  • We propose that SS4 and BGC1 are required for the proper control of granule initiation during early grain development that leads to a single A-type granule per amyloplast. The absence of either protein results in a variable number of initiations per amyloplast and compound granule formation.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted January 31, 2021.
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STARCH SYNTHASE 4 is required for normal starch granule initiation in amyloplasts of wheat endosperm
Erica Hawkins, Jiawen Chen, Alexander Watson-Lazowski, Jennifer Ahn-Jarvis, J. Elaine Barclay, Brendan Fahy, Matthew Hartley, Frederick J. Warren, David Seung
bioRxiv 2021.01.29.428798; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.29.428798
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STARCH SYNTHASE 4 is required for normal starch granule initiation in amyloplasts of wheat endosperm
Erica Hawkins, Jiawen Chen, Alexander Watson-Lazowski, Jennifer Ahn-Jarvis, J. Elaine Barclay, Brendan Fahy, Matthew Hartley, Frederick J. Warren, David Seung
bioRxiv 2021.01.29.428798; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.29.428798

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