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Surface-aerosol stability and pathogenicity of diverse MERS-CoV strains from 2012 - 2018

Neeltje van Doremalen, Michael Letko, Robert J. Fischer, Trenton Bushmaker, Claude Kwe Yinda, Jonathan Schulz, Stephanie N. Seifert, Nam Joong Kim, Maged G Hemida, Ghazi Kayali, Wan Beom Park, Ranawaka APM Perera, Azaibi Tamin, View ORCID ProfileNatalie J. Thornburg, Suxiang Tong, Krista Queen, Maria D. van Kerkhove, Young Ki Choi, Myoung-don Oh, Abdullah M. Assiri, Malik Peiris, Susan I. Gerber, View ORCID ProfileVincent J. Munster
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.11.429193
Neeltje van Doremalen
1Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
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Michael Letko
1Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
11Paul G. Allen School of Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99111, USA
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  • For correspondence: michael.letko@wsu.edu
Robert J. Fischer
1Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
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Trenton Bushmaker
1Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
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Claude Kwe Yinda
1Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
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Jonathan Schulz
1Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
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Stephanie N. Seifert
1Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
11Paul G. Allen School of Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99111, USA
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Nam Joong Kim
2Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Maged G Hemida
3Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia
4Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Ghazi Kayali
5Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Houston, Texas
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Wan Beom Park
2Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Ranawaka APM Perera
6School of Public Health, University of Hong-Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Azaibi Tamin
7Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Natalie J. Thornburg
7Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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  • ORCID record for Natalie J. Thornburg
Suxiang Tong
7Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Krista Queen
7Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Maria D. van Kerkhove
8Department of Infectious Hazards Management, Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Young Ki Choi
9College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju City, Republic of Korea
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Myoung-don Oh
2Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Abdullah M. Assiri
10Infection Prevention and Control, Assistant Deputy Minister, Preventive Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Malik Peiris
6School of Public Health, University of Hong-Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Susan I. Gerber
7Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Vincent J. Munster
1Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
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  • ORCID record for Vincent J. Munster
  • For correspondence: michael.letko@wsu.edu
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Abstract

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a coronavirus that infects both humans and dromedary camels and is responsible for an ongoing outbreak of severe respiratory illness in humans in the Middle East. While some mutations found in camel-derived MERS-CoV strains have been characterized, the majority of natural variation found across MERS-CoV isolates remains unstudied. Here we report on the environmental stability, replication kinetics and pathogenicity of several diverse isolates of MERS-CoV as well as SARS-CoV-2 to serve as a basis of comparison with other stability studies. While most of the MERS-CoV isolates exhibited similar stability and pathogenicity in our experiments, the camel derived isolate, C/KSA/13, exhibited reduced surface stability while another camel isolate, C/BF/15, had reduced pathogenicity in a small animal model. These results suggest that while betacoronaviruses may have similar environmental stability profiles, individual variation can influence this phenotype, underscoring the importance of continual, global viral surveillance.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. This article is a US Government work. It is not subject to copyright under 17 USC 105 and is also made available for use under a CC0 license.
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Posted February 12, 2021.
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Surface-aerosol stability and pathogenicity of diverse MERS-CoV strains from 2012 - 2018
Neeltje van Doremalen, Michael Letko, Robert J. Fischer, Trenton Bushmaker, Claude Kwe Yinda, Jonathan Schulz, Stephanie N. Seifert, Nam Joong Kim, Maged G Hemida, Ghazi Kayali, Wan Beom Park, Ranawaka APM Perera, Azaibi Tamin, Natalie J. Thornburg, Suxiang Tong, Krista Queen, Maria D. van Kerkhove, Young Ki Choi, Myoung-don Oh, Abdullah M. Assiri, Malik Peiris, Susan I. Gerber, Vincent J. Munster
bioRxiv 2021.02.11.429193; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.11.429193
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Surface-aerosol stability and pathogenicity of diverse MERS-CoV strains from 2012 - 2018
Neeltje van Doremalen, Michael Letko, Robert J. Fischer, Trenton Bushmaker, Claude Kwe Yinda, Jonathan Schulz, Stephanie N. Seifert, Nam Joong Kim, Maged G Hemida, Ghazi Kayali, Wan Beom Park, Ranawaka APM Perera, Azaibi Tamin, Natalie J. Thornburg, Suxiang Tong, Krista Queen, Maria D. van Kerkhove, Young Ki Choi, Myoung-don Oh, Abdullah M. Assiri, Malik Peiris, Susan I. Gerber, Vincent J. Munster
bioRxiv 2021.02.11.429193; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.11.429193

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