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Action-based predictions affect visual perception, neural processing, and pupil size, regardless of temporal predictability

View ORCID ProfileChristina Lubinus, Wolfgang Einhäuser, Florian Schiller, Tilo Kircher, Benjamin Straube, Bianca M. van Kemenade
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.11.430717
Christina Lubinus
1Department of Neuroscience, Max-Planck-Institute for Empirical Aesthetics Grüneburgweg 14, D - 60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
2Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB) University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, D - 35039 Marburg, Germany
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  • ORCID record for Christina Lubinus
  • For correspondence: christina.lubinus@ae.mpg.de
Wolfgang Einhäuser
3Institute of Physics Physics of Cognition Group, Chemnitz University of Technology D - 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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Florian Schiller
4Department of Psychology Justus Liebig University Giessen Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10, D - 35394 Giessen, Germany
5Center for Economics and Neuroscience University of Bonn, Nachtigallenweg 86, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
6Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research University Hospital Bonn Venusberg-Campus 1, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
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Tilo Kircher
2Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB) University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, D - 35039 Marburg, Germany
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Benjamin Straube
2Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB) University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, D - 35039 Marburg, Germany
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Bianca M. van Kemenade
2Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB) University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, D - 35039 Marburg, Germany
7Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Abstract

Sensory consequences of one’s own action are often perceived as less intense, and lead to reduced neural responses, compared to externally generated stimuli. Presumably, such sensory attenuation is due to predictive mechanisms based on the motor command (efference copy). However, sensory attenuation has also been observed outside the context of voluntary action, namely when stimuli are temporally predictable. Here, we aimed at disentangling the effects of motor and temporal predictability-based mechanisms on the attenuation of sensory action consequences. During fMRI data acquisition, participants (N = 25) judged which of two visual stimuli was brighter. In predictable blocks, the stimuli appeared temporally aligned with their button press (active) or aligned with an automatically generated cue (passive). In unpredictable blocks, stimuli were presented with a variable delay after button press/cue, respectively. Eye tracking was performed to investigate pupil-size changes and to ensure proper fixation. Self-generated stimuli were perceived as darker and led to less neural activation in visual areas than their passive counterparts, indicating sensory attenuation for self-generated stimuli independent of temporal predictability. Pupil size was larger during self-generated stimuli, which correlated negatively with blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response: the larger the pupil, the smaller the BOLD amplitude in visual areas. Our results suggest that sensory attenuation in visual cortex is driven by action-based predictive mechanisms rather than by temporal predictability. This effect may be related to changes in pupil diameter. Altogether, these results emphasize the role of the efference copy in the processing of sensory action consequences.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted February 11, 2021.
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Action-based predictions affect visual perception, neural processing, and pupil size, regardless of temporal predictability
Christina Lubinus, Wolfgang Einhäuser, Florian Schiller, Tilo Kircher, Benjamin Straube, Bianca M. van Kemenade
bioRxiv 2021.02.11.430717; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.11.430717
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Action-based predictions affect visual perception, neural processing, and pupil size, regardless of temporal predictability
Christina Lubinus, Wolfgang Einhäuser, Florian Schiller, Tilo Kircher, Benjamin Straube, Bianca M. van Kemenade
bioRxiv 2021.02.11.430717; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.11.430717

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