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Genomic evidence that governmentally produced Cannabis sativa poorly represents genetic variation available in state markets

View ORCID ProfileDaniela Vergara, Ezra L. Huscher, Kyle G. Keepers, View ORCID ProfileRahul Pisupati, Anna L. Schwabe, Mitchell E. McGlaughlin, Nolan C. Kane
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.13.431041
Daniela Vergara
1Kane Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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  • For correspondence: daniela.vergara@colorado.edu nolan.kane@colorado.edu
Ezra L. Huscher
1Kane Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Kyle G. Keepers
1Kane Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Rahul Pisupati
2Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Anna L. Schwabe
3University of Northern Colorado, School of Biological Sciences, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
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Mitchell E. McGlaughlin
3University of Northern Colorado, School of Biological Sciences, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
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Nolan C. Kane
1Kane Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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  • For correspondence: daniela.vergara@colorado.edu nolan.kane@colorado.edu
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Abstract

The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is the sole producer of Cannabis for research purposes in the United States, including medical investigation. Previous research established that cannabinoid profiles in the NIDA varieties lacked diversity and potency relative to the Cannabis produced commercially. Additionally, microsatellite marker analyses have established that the NIDA varieties are genetically divergent form varieties produced in the private legal market. Here, we analyzed the genome of multiple Cannabis varieties from diverse lineages including two produced by NIDA, and we provide further support that NIDA’s varieties differ from widely available medical, recreational, or industrial Cannabis. Furthermore, our results suggest that NIDA’s varieties lack diversity in the single copy portion of the genome, the maternally inherited genomes, the cannabinoid genes, and in the repetitive content of the genome. Therefore, results based on NIDA’s varieties are not generalizable regarding the effects of Cannabis after consumption. For medical research to be relevant, material that is more widely used would have to be studied. Clearly, having research to date dominated by a single, non-representative source of Cannabis has hindered scientific investigation.

Competing Interest Statement

D.V. is the founder and president of the non-profit organization Agricultural Genomics Foundation, and the sole owner of CGRI, LLC. N.C.K. is a board member of the non-profit organization Agricultural Genomics Foundation.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted February 14, 2021.
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Genomic evidence that governmentally produced Cannabis sativa poorly represents genetic variation available in state markets
Daniela Vergara, Ezra L. Huscher, Kyle G. Keepers, Rahul Pisupati, Anna L. Schwabe, Mitchell E. McGlaughlin, Nolan C. Kane
bioRxiv 2021.02.13.431041; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.13.431041
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Genomic evidence that governmentally produced Cannabis sativa poorly represents genetic variation available in state markets
Daniela Vergara, Ezra L. Huscher, Kyle G. Keepers, Rahul Pisupati, Anna L. Schwabe, Mitchell E. McGlaughlin, Nolan C. Kane
bioRxiv 2021.02.13.431041; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.13.431041

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