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Target enrichment and extensive population sampling help untangle the recent, rapid radiation of Oenothera sect. Calylophus

Benjamin J. Cooper, View ORCID ProfileMichael J. Moore, View ORCID ProfileNorman A. Douglas, View ORCID ProfileWarren L. Wagner, View ORCID ProfileMatthew G. Johnson, View ORCID ProfileRick P. Overson, View ORCID ProfileAngela J. McDonnell, View ORCID ProfileJeremie B. Fant, View ORCID ProfileKrissa A. Skogen, View ORCID ProfileNorman J. Wickett
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.20.432097
Benjamin J. Cooper
1The Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd., Glencoe, IL 60022
2Northwestern University Program in Plant Biology and Conservation, O.T. Hogan Hall, Room 6-140B, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208
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  • For correspondence: nwickett@chicagobotanic.org benjamin.cooper06@gmail.com
Michael J. Moore
3Oberlin College, Department of Biology, 119 Woodland St., Oberlin, OH 44074
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  • ORCID record for Michael J. Moore
Norman A. Douglas
4Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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Warren L. Wagner
5Department of Botany, MRC-166, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012
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Matthew G. Johnson
1The Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd., Glencoe, IL 60022
6Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 43131 Lubbock, TX 79409
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Rick P. Overson
1The Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd., Glencoe, IL 60022
7School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, PO Box 875502, Tempe, AZ 85287-5502
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Angela J. McDonnell
1The Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd., Glencoe, IL 60022
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Jeremie B. Fant
1The Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd., Glencoe, IL 60022
2Northwestern University Program in Plant Biology and Conservation, O.T. Hogan Hall, Room 6-140B, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208
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Krissa A. Skogen
1The Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd., Glencoe, IL 60022
2Northwestern University Program in Plant Biology and Conservation, O.T. Hogan Hall, Room 6-140B, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208
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Norman J. Wickett
1The Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Rd., Glencoe, IL 60022
2Northwestern University Program in Plant Biology and Conservation, O.T. Hogan Hall, Room 6-140B, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208
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  • For correspondence: nwickett@chicagobotanic.org benjamin.cooper06@gmail.com
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ABSTRACT

Oenothera sect. Calylophus is a North American group of 13 recognized taxa in the evening primrose family (Onagraceae) with an evolutionary history that may include independent origins of bee pollination, edaphic endemism, and permanent translocation heterozygosity. Like other groups that radiated relatively recently and rapidly, taxon boundaries within Oenothera sect. Calylophus have remained challenging to circumscribe. In this study, we used target enrichment, flanking non-coding regions, summary coalescent methods, tests for gene flow modified for target-enrichment data, and morphometric analysis to reconstruct phylogenetic hypotheses, evaluate current taxon circumscriptions, and examine character evolution in Oenothera sect. Calylophus. Because sect. Calylophus comprises a clade with a relatively restricted geographic range, we were able to comprehensively sample across the range of geographic and morphological diversity in the group with extensive sampling. We found that the combination of exons and flanking non-coding regions led to improved support for species relationships. We reconstructed potential hybrid origins of some accessions and note that if processes such as hybridization are not taken into account, the number of inferred evolutionary transitions may be artificially inflated. We recovered strong evidence for multiple origins of the evolution of bee pollination from the ancestral hawkmoth pollination, the evolution of edaphic specialization on gypsum, and permanent translocation heterozygosity. This study applies newly emerging techniques alongside dense infraspecific sampling and morphological analyses to effectively address a relatively common but recalcitrant problem in evolutionary biology.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted February 20, 2021.
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Target enrichment and extensive population sampling help untangle the recent, rapid radiation of Oenothera sect. Calylophus
Benjamin J. Cooper, Michael J. Moore, Norman A. Douglas, Warren L. Wagner, Matthew G. Johnson, Rick P. Overson, Angela J. McDonnell, Jeremie B. Fant, Krissa A. Skogen, Norman J. Wickett
bioRxiv 2021.02.20.432097; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.20.432097
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Target enrichment and extensive population sampling help untangle the recent, rapid radiation of Oenothera sect. Calylophus
Benjamin J. Cooper, Michael J. Moore, Norman A. Douglas, Warren L. Wagner, Matthew G. Johnson, Rick P. Overson, Angela J. McDonnell, Jeremie B. Fant, Krissa A. Skogen, Norman J. Wickett
bioRxiv 2021.02.20.432097; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.20.432097

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