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Projecting ancient ancestry in modern-day Arabians and Iranians: a key role of the past exposed Arabo-Persian Gulf on human migrations

Joana C. Ferreira, Farida Alshamali, Francesco Montinaro, Bruno Cavadas, Antonio Torroni, Luisa Pereira, Alessandro Raveane, View ORCID ProfileVeronica Fernandes
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.24.432678
Joana C. Ferreira
1i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
2IPATIMUP – Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
3ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Farida Alshamali
4Department of Forensic Sciences and Criminology, Dubai Police General Headquarters, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Francesco Montinaro
5Department of Biology-Genetics, University of Bari, Bari, 70126, Italy
6Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Bruno Cavadas
1i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
2IPATIMUP – Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Antonio Torroni
7Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Luisa Pereira
1i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
2IPATIMUP – Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Alessandro Raveane
7Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
8Laboratory of Haematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Veronica Fernandes
1i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
2IPATIMUP – Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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  • ORCID record for Veronica Fernandes
  • For correspondence: vfernandes@ipatimup.pt
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Abstract

Arabian Peninsula is strategic for investigations centred on the structuring of the modern human population in the three main groups, in the awake of the out-of-Africa migration. Despite the poor climatic conditions for recovery of ancient DNA human evidence in Arabia, the availability of genomic data from neighbouring ancient specimens and of informative statistical tools allow better modelling the ancestry of these populations. We applied this approach to a dataset of 741,000 variants screened in 291 Arabians and 78 Iranians, and obtained insightful evidence. The west-east axis was a strong forcer of population structure in the Peninsula, and, more importantly, there were clear continuums throughout time linking west Arabia with Levant, and east Arabia with Iran and Caucasus. East Arabians also displayed the highest levels of the basal Eurasian lineage of all tested modern-day populations, a signal that was maintained even after correcting for possible bias due to recent sub-Saharan African input in their genomes. Not surprisingly, east Arabians were also the ones with higher similarity with Iberomaurusians, who were so far the best proxy for the basal Eurasians amongst the known ancient specimens. The basal Eurasian lineage is the signature of ancient non-Africans that diverged from the common European-East Asian pool before 50 thousand years ago, and before the later interbred with Neanderthals. Our results are strong evidence to include the exposed basin of the Arabo-Persian Gulf as possible home of basal Eurasians, to be investigated further on namely by searching ancient Arabian human specimens.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted February 25, 2021.
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Projecting ancient ancestry in modern-day Arabians and Iranians: a key role of the past exposed Arabo-Persian Gulf on human migrations
Joana C. Ferreira, Farida Alshamali, Francesco Montinaro, Bruno Cavadas, Antonio Torroni, Luisa Pereira, Alessandro Raveane, Veronica Fernandes
bioRxiv 2021.02.24.432678; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.24.432678
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Projecting ancient ancestry in modern-day Arabians and Iranians: a key role of the past exposed Arabo-Persian Gulf on human migrations
Joana C. Ferreira, Farida Alshamali, Francesco Montinaro, Bruno Cavadas, Antonio Torroni, Luisa Pereira, Alessandro Raveane, Veronica Fernandes
bioRxiv 2021.02.24.432678; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.24.432678

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