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Investigation of the temporal and spatial dynamics of muscular action potentials through optically pumped magnetometers

View ORCID ProfilePhilip J. Broser, Justus Marquetand, Thomas Middelmann, Davide Sometti, Christoph Braun
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.24.432771
Philip J. Broser
aChildren’s hospital of eastern Switzerland, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland
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  • ORCID record for Philip J. Broser
  • For correspondence: Philip.Broser@kispisg.ch Philip.Broser@icloud.com
Justus Marquetand
bDepartment of Epileptology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
dMEG Center, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Thomas Middelmann
cPhysikalisch technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
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Davide Sometti
dMEG Center, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Christoph Braun
dMEG Center, University of Tübingen, Germany
eHertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
fCIMeC, Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, Trento, Italy
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ABSTRACT

Aim This study aims to simultaneously record the magnetic and electric components of the propagating muscular action potential.

Method A single-subject study of the monosynaptic stretch reflex of the musculus rectus femoris was performed; the magnetic field generated by the muscular activity was recorded in all three spatial directions by five optically pumped magnetometers. In addition, the electric field was recorded by four invasive fine-wire needle electrodes. The magnetic and electric fields were compared, and modelling and simulations were performed to compare the magnetic field vectors with the underlying muscular anatomy of the rectus femoris muscle.

Results The magnetomyography (MMG) signal can reliably be recorded following the stimulation of the monosynaptic stretch reflex. The MMG signal shows several phases of activity inside the muscle, the first of which is the propagating muscular action potential. As predicted by the finite wire model, the magnetic field vectors of the propagating muscular action potential are generated by the current flowing longitudinal to the muscle fiber. Based on the magnetic field vectors, it was possible to reconstruct the pinnation angle in the muscle. The later magnetic components are linked to the activated contractile apparatus.

Interpretation MMG allows to analyze the muscle physiology from the propagating muscular action potential to the initiation of the contractile apparatus. At the same time this methods reveal information about muscle fiber direction and extend. With the development of high-resolution magnetic cameras, it will be possible to image the function and structure of any skeletal muscle with high precision. This method could be used in clinical medicine but also in sports and training science.

What this paper adds

  • - A robust technique for triggering a muscular action potential that can be recorded by MMG and needle EMG simultaneously

  • - The correlation of the MMG signal with the needle EMG signal

  • - A method for detecting the direction of the propagating muscular action potential

  • - A method for correlating the magnetic field vectors with the pinnation angle of the examined muscle

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

  • Abbreviations

    MMG
    magneto myography
    OPM
    optically pumped magnetometer
    MAP
    muscle action potential
  • Copyright 
    The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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    Posted February 25, 2021.
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    Investigation of the temporal and spatial dynamics of muscular action potentials through optically pumped magnetometers
    Philip J. Broser, Justus Marquetand, Thomas Middelmann, Davide Sometti, Christoph Braun
    bioRxiv 2021.02.24.432771; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.24.432771
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    Investigation of the temporal and spatial dynamics of muscular action potentials through optically pumped magnetometers
    Philip J. Broser, Justus Marquetand, Thomas Middelmann, Davide Sometti, Christoph Braun
    bioRxiv 2021.02.24.432771; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.24.432771

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