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Graphene oxide/silver nanoparticle ink formulations rapidly inhibit influenza A virus and OC43 coronavirus infection in vitro

View ORCID ProfileMeredith J. Crane, Stephen Devine, View ORCID ProfileAmanda M. Jamieson
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.25.432893
Meredith J. Crane
1Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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  • For correspondence: Meredith_Crane@brown.edu Amanda_Jamieson@brown.edu
Stephen Devine
2Graphene Composites Ltd., NETPark Incubator, Sedgefield, Stockton-on-Tees, United Kingdom
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Amanda M. Jamieson
1Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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  • ORCID record for Amanda M. Jamieson
  • For correspondence: Meredith_Crane@brown.edu Amanda_Jamieson@brown.edu
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Abstract

Respiratory tract infections present a significant risk to the human population, both through seasonal circulation and novel introductions with pandemic potential. There is a strong need for antiviral compounds with broad antimicrobial activity that can be coated onto filtration systems and personal protective equipment to augment their ability to remove infectious particles from the environment. Graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles are both materials with documented antimicrobial properties. Here, we tested the in vitro antiviral properties of several graphene oxide–silver nanoparticle composite materials, which were prepared through three different methods: reduction with silver salt, direct addition of silver nanospheres, and direct addition of silver nanospheres to thiolized graphene. These materials were tested over short time scales for their antiviral activity against two enveloped RNA viruses, influenza A virus and OC43 coronavirus, by performing viral plaque assays after exposure of the viruses to each material. It was found that the graphene oxide – silver nanoparticle materials generated by direct addition of the silver nanospheres were able to completely inhibit plaque formation by both viruses within one minute of exposure. Materials generated by the other two methods had varying levels of efficacy against influenza A virus. These studies indicate that graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle composite materials can rapidly neutralize RNA viruses and demonstrate their potential for use in a wide range of applications.

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Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

  • Abbreviations Used

    AgNP
    silver nanoparticle
    GO
    graphene oxide
    rGO
    reduced graphene oxide
    IAV
    Influenza A virus
    HCoV
    human coronavirus
    MDCK
    Manin-Darby canine kidney
    PPE
    personal protective equipment
    LDH
    lactate dehydrogenase
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    Posted February 26, 2021.
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    Graphene oxide/silver nanoparticle ink formulations rapidly inhibit influenza A virus and OC43 coronavirus infection in vitro
    Meredith J. Crane, Stephen Devine, Amanda M. Jamieson
    bioRxiv 2021.02.25.432893; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.25.432893
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    Graphene oxide/silver nanoparticle ink formulations rapidly inhibit influenza A virus and OC43 coronavirus infection in vitro
    Meredith J. Crane, Stephen Devine, Amanda M. Jamieson
    bioRxiv 2021.02.25.432893; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.25.432893

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