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Landscape connectivity alters the evolution of density-dependent dispersal during pushed range expansions

View ORCID ProfileMaxime Dahirel, Aline Bertin, Vincent Calcagno, Camille Duraj, Simon Fellous, Géraldine Groussier, Eric Lombaert, Ludovic Mailleret, Anaël Marchand, Elodie Vercken
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.03.433752
Maxime Dahirel
1Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA – Sophia-Antipolis, France
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  • ORCID record for Maxime Dahirel
  • For correspondence: maxime.dahirel@yahoo.fr
Aline Bertin
1Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA – Sophia-Antipolis, France
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Vincent Calcagno
1Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA – Sophia-Antipolis, France
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Camille Duraj
1Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA – Sophia-Antipolis, France
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Simon Fellous
2INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, CBGP – Montpellier, France
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Géraldine Groussier
1Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA – Sophia-Antipolis, France
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Eric Lombaert
1Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA – Sophia-Antipolis, France
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Ludovic Mailleret
1Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA – Sophia-Antipolis, France
3Université Côte d’Azur, INRIA, INRAE, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, BIOCORE – Sophia Antipolis, France
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Anaël Marchand
1Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA – Sophia-Antipolis, France
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Elodie Vercken
1Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA – Sophia-Antipolis, France
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Abstract

As human influence reshapes communities worldwide, many species expand or shift their ranges as a result, with extensive consequences across levels of biological organization. Range expansions can be ranked on a continuum going from pulled dynamics, in which low-density edge populations provide the “fuel” for the advance, to pushed dynamics in which high-density rear populations “push” the expansion forward. While theory suggests that evolution during range expansions could lead pushed expansions to become pulled with time, empirical comparisons of phenotypic divergence in pushed vs. pulled contexts are lacking. In a previous experiment using Trichogramma brassicae wasps as a model, we showed that expansions were more pushed when connectivity was lower. Here we used descendants from these experimental landscapes to look at how the range expansion process and connectivity interact to shape phenotypic evolution. Interestingly, we found no clear and consistent phenotypic shifts, whether along expansion gradients or between reference and low connectivity replicates, when we focused on low-density trait expression. However, we found evidence of changes in density-dependence, in particular regarding dispersal: populations went from positive to negative density-dependent dispersal at the expansion edge, but only when connectivity was high. As positive density-dependent dispersal leads to pushed expansions, our results confirm predictions that evolution during range expansions may lead pushed expansions to become pulled, but add nuance by showing landscape conditions may slow down or cancel this process. This shows we need to jointly consider evolution and landscape context to accurately predict range expansion dynamics and their consequences.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors declare they have no financial conflict of interest in relation with the content of this article. Four authors are recommenders for one or several Peer Communities (PCI Evol Biol: VC, SF, EL, EV; PCI Ecology and PCI Zoology: VC, EL, EV).

Footnotes

  • this is the final revised version in response to reviews made at Peer Community in Evolutionary Biology. Version 4 of this preprint has been peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community In Evolutionary Biology (https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.evolbiol.100133)

  • https://github.com/mdahirel/pushed-pulled-2020-phenotype

  • https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4570235

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted September 22, 2021.
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Landscape connectivity alters the evolution of density-dependent dispersal during pushed range expansions
Maxime Dahirel, Aline Bertin, Vincent Calcagno, Camille Duraj, Simon Fellous, Géraldine Groussier, Eric Lombaert, Ludovic Mailleret, Anaël Marchand, Elodie Vercken
bioRxiv 2021.03.03.433752; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.03.433752
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Landscape connectivity alters the evolution of density-dependent dispersal during pushed range expansions
Maxime Dahirel, Aline Bertin, Vincent Calcagno, Camille Duraj, Simon Fellous, Géraldine Groussier, Eric Lombaert, Ludovic Mailleret, Anaël Marchand, Elodie Vercken
bioRxiv 2021.03.03.433752; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.03.433752

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