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ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) protects hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 and B.1.1.7 disease

Robert J. Fischer, View ORCID ProfileNeeltje van Doremalen, Danielle R. Adney, Claude Kwe Yinda, Julia R. Port, Myndi G. Holbrook, Jonathan E. Schulz, Brandi N. Williamson, Tina Thomas, Kent Barbian, Sarah L. Anzick, Stacy Ricklefs, Brian J. Smith, Dan Long, Craig Martens, Greg Saturday, Emmie de Wit, View ORCID ProfileSarah C. Gilbert, Teresa Lambe, View ORCID ProfileVincent J. Munster
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.11.435000
Robert J. Fischer
1Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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Neeltje van Doremalen
1Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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Danielle R. Adney
1Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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Claude Kwe Yinda
1Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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Julia R. Port
1Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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Myndi G. Holbrook
1Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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Jonathan E. Schulz
1Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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Brandi N. Williamson
1Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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Tina Thomas
1Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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Kent Barbian
2Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
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Sarah L. Anzick
2Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
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Stacy Ricklefs
2Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
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Brian J. Smith
3Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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Dan Long
3Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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Craig Martens
2Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
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Greg Saturday
3Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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Emmie de Wit
1Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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Sarah C. Gilbert
4The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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  • ORCID record for Sarah C. Gilbert
Teresa Lambe
4The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Vincent J. Munster
1Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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  • ORCID record for Vincent J. Munster
  • For correspondence: vincent.munster@nih.gov
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Abstract

We investigated ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 in Syrian hamsters. We previously showed protection against SARS-CoV-2 disease and pneumonia in hamsters vaccinated with a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Here, we observed a 9.5-fold reduction of virus neutralizing antibody titer in vaccinated hamster sera against B.1.351 compared to B.1.1.7. Vaccinated hamsters challenged with B.1.1.7 or B.1.351 did not lose weight compared to control animals. In contrast to control animals, the lungs of vaccinated animals did not show any gross lesions. Minimal to no viral subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) and no infectious virus was detected in lungs of vaccinated animals. Histopathological evaluation showed extensive pulmonary pathology caused by B.1.1.7 or B.1.351 replication in the control animals, but none in the vaccinated animals. These data demonstrate the effectiveness of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against clinical disease caused by B.1.1.7 or B.1.351 VOCs.

Competing Interest Statement

S.C.G. is a board member of Vaccitech and named as an inventor on a patent covering the use of ChAdOx1-vector-based vaccines and a patent application covering a SARS-CoV-2 (nCoV-19) vaccine (UK patent application no. 2003670.3). T.L. is named as an inventor on a patent application covering a SARS-CoV-2 (nCoV-19) vaccine (UK patent application no. 2003670.3). The University of Oxford and Vaccitech, having joint rights in the vaccine, entered into a partnership with AstraZeneca in April 2020 for further development, large-scale manufacture and global supply of the vaccine. Equitable access to the vaccine is a key component of the partnership. Neither Oxford University nor Vaccitech will receive any royalties during the pandemic period or from any sales of the vaccine in developing countries. All other authors declare no competing interests.

Footnotes

  • Updated the title to properly reflect this study was conducted in thee hamster model for SARS-CoV-2

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. This article is a US Government work. It is not subject to copyright under 17 USC 105 and is also made available for use under a CC0 license.
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Posted March 15, 2021.
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ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) protects hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 and B.1.1.7 disease
Robert J. Fischer, Neeltje van Doremalen, Danielle R. Adney, Claude Kwe Yinda, Julia R. Port, Myndi G. Holbrook, Jonathan E. Schulz, Brandi N. Williamson, Tina Thomas, Kent Barbian, Sarah L. Anzick, Stacy Ricklefs, Brian J. Smith, Dan Long, Craig Martens, Greg Saturday, Emmie de Wit, Sarah C. Gilbert, Teresa Lambe, Vincent J. Munster
bioRxiv 2021.03.11.435000; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.11.435000
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ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) protects hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 and B.1.1.7 disease
Robert J. Fischer, Neeltje van Doremalen, Danielle R. Adney, Claude Kwe Yinda, Julia R. Port, Myndi G. Holbrook, Jonathan E. Schulz, Brandi N. Williamson, Tina Thomas, Kent Barbian, Sarah L. Anzick, Stacy Ricklefs, Brian J. Smith, Dan Long, Craig Martens, Greg Saturday, Emmie de Wit, Sarah C. Gilbert, Teresa Lambe, Vincent J. Munster
bioRxiv 2021.03.11.435000; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.11.435000

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