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A Synthesis of the Many Errors and Learning Processes of Visuomotor Adaptation

View ORCID ProfileJ. Ryan Morehead, View ORCID ProfileJean-Jacques Orban de Xivry
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.14.435278
J. Ryan Morehead
1School of Psychology, University of Leeds
2John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University
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  • For correspondence: jj.orban@kuleuven.be j.r.morehead@leeds.ac.uk
Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry
3Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
4Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract

Visuomotor adaptation has one of the oldest experimental histories in psychology and neuroscience, yet its precise nature has always been a topic of debate. Here we offer a survey and synthesis of recent work on visuomotor adaptation that we hope will prove illuminating for this ongoing dialogue. We discuss three types of error signals that drive learning in adaptation tasks: task performance error, sensory prediction-error, and a binary target hitting error. Each of these errors has been shown to drive distinct learning processes. Namely, both target hitting errors and putative sensory prediction-errors drive an implicit change in visuomotor maps, while task performance error drives learning of explicit strategy use and non-motor decision-making. Each of these learning processes contributes to the overall learning that takes place in visuomotor adaptation tasks, and although the learning processes and error signals are independent, they interact in a complex manner. We outline many task contexts where the operation of these processes is counter-intuitive and offer general guidelines for their control, measurement and interpretation. We believe this new framework unifies several disparate threads of research in sensorimotor adaptation that often seem in conflict. We conclude by explaining how this more nuanced understanding of errors and learning processes could lend itself to the analysis of other types of sensorimotor adaptation, of motor skill learning, of the neural processing underlying sensorimotor adaptation in humans, of animal models and of brain computer interfaces.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted March 15, 2021.
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A Synthesis of the Many Errors and Learning Processes of Visuomotor Adaptation
J. Ryan Morehead, Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry
bioRxiv 2021.03.14.435278; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.14.435278
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A Synthesis of the Many Errors and Learning Processes of Visuomotor Adaptation
J. Ryan Morehead, Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry
bioRxiv 2021.03.14.435278; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.14.435278

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