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Antibody Activities in Hyperimmune Plasma Against the Rhodococcus equi Virulence-Associated Protein A or Poly-N-Acetyl Glucosamine are Associated with Protection of Foals Against Rhodococcal Pneumonia

Susanne K. Kahn, Colette Cywes-Bentley, Glenn P. Blodgett, Nathan M. Canaday, Carly E. Turner-Garcia, Mariana Vinacur, Sophia C. Cortez-Ramirez, Patrick J. Sutter, Sarah C. Meyer, Angela I. Bordin, Daniel R. Vlock, View ORCID ProfileGerald B. Pier, View ORCID ProfileNoah D. Cohen
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.06.438569
Susanne K. Kahn
1Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
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Colette Cywes-Bentley
2Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
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Glenn P. Blodgett
3, Guthrie, TX, 79236, United States
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Nathan M. Canaday
3, Guthrie, TX, 79236, United States
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Carly E. Turner-Garcia
4Lazy E Ranch, Guthrie, OK, 73044, United States
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Mariana Vinacur
2Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
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Sophia C. Cortez-Ramirez
1Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
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Patrick J. Sutter
5Mg Biologics, Inc., Ames, IA, 50014, United States
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Sarah C. Meyer
5Mg Biologics, Inc., Ames, IA, 50014, United States
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Angela I. Bordin
1Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
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Daniel R. Vlock
6Alopexx Inc., Concord, MA, 01742, United States
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Gerald B. Pier
2Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
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  • ORCID record for Gerald B. Pier
Noah D. Cohen
1Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
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  • ORCID record for Noah D. Cohen
  • For correspondence: ncohen@cvm.tamu.edu
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Abstract

The efficacy of transfusion with hyperimmune plasma (HIP) for preventing pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi remains ill-defined. Quarter Horse foals at 2 large breeding farms were randomly assigned to be transfused with 2 L of HIP from adult donors hyperimmunized either with R. equi (RE HIP) or a conjugate vaccine eliciting antibody to the surface polysaccharide β-1→6-poly-N-acetyl glucosamine (PNAG HIP) within 24 hours of birth. Antibody activities against PNAG and the rhodococcal virulence-associated protein A (VapA), and to deposition of complement component 1q (C’1q) onto PNAG were determined by ELISA, and then associated with either clinical pneumonia at Farm A (n=119) or subclinical pneumonia at Farm B (n=114). Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Among RE HIP-transfused foals, the odds of pneumonia were approximately 6-fold higher (P = 0.0005) among foals with VapA antibody activity ≤ the population median. Among PNAG HIP-transfused foals, the odds of pneumonia were approximately 3-fold (P = 0.0347) and 11-fold (P = 0.0034) higher for foals with antibody activities ≤ the population median for PNAG or C’1q deposition, respectively. Results indicated that levels of activity of antibodies against R. equi antigens are correlates of protection against both subclinical and clinical R. equi pneumonia in field settings. Among PNAG HIP-transfused foals, activity of antibodies with C’1q deposition (an indicator of functional antibodies) were a stronger predictor of protection than was PNAG antibody activity alone. Collectively, these findings suggest that the amount and activity of antibodies in HIP (i.e., plasma volume and/or antibody activity) is positively associated with protection against R. equi pneumonia in foals.

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Posted April 06, 2021.
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Antibody Activities in Hyperimmune Plasma Against the Rhodococcus equi Virulence-Associated Protein A or Poly-N-Acetyl Glucosamine are Associated with Protection of Foals Against Rhodococcal Pneumonia
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Antibody Activities in Hyperimmune Plasma Against the Rhodococcus equi Virulence-Associated Protein A or Poly-N-Acetyl Glucosamine are Associated with Protection of Foals Against Rhodococcal Pneumonia
Susanne K. Kahn, Colette Cywes-Bentley, Glenn P. Blodgett, Nathan M. Canaday, Carly E. Turner-Garcia, Mariana Vinacur, Sophia C. Cortez-Ramirez, Patrick J. Sutter, Sarah C. Meyer, Angela I. Bordin, Daniel R. Vlock, Gerald B. Pier, Noah D. Cohen
bioRxiv 2021.04.06.438569; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.06.438569
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Antibody Activities in Hyperimmune Plasma Against the Rhodococcus equi Virulence-Associated Protein A or Poly-N-Acetyl Glucosamine are Associated with Protection of Foals Against Rhodococcal Pneumonia
Susanne K. Kahn, Colette Cywes-Bentley, Glenn P. Blodgett, Nathan M. Canaday, Carly E. Turner-Garcia, Mariana Vinacur, Sophia C. Cortez-Ramirez, Patrick J. Sutter, Sarah C. Meyer, Angela I. Bordin, Daniel R. Vlock, Gerald B. Pier, Noah D. Cohen
bioRxiv 2021.04.06.438569; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.06.438569

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