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The Evolutionary History of Wild, Domesticated, and Feral Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae)

View ORCID ProfileMakenzie E. Mabry, View ORCID ProfileSarah D. Turner-Hissong, Evan Y. Gallagher, View ORCID ProfileAlex C. McAlvay, View ORCID ProfileHong An, View ORCID ProfilePatrick P. Edger, Jonathan D. Moore, David A. C. Pink, Graham R. Teakle, View ORCID ProfileChris J. Stevens, Guy Barker, Joanne Labate, View ORCID ProfileDorian Q. Fuller, Robin G. Allaby, View ORCID ProfileTimothy Beissinger, View ORCID ProfileJared E. Decker, View ORCID ProfileMichael A. Gore, J. Chris Pires
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.06.438638
Makenzie E. Mabry
1Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
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  • For correspondence: mmabry44@gmail.com piresjc@missouri.edu
Sarah D. Turner-Hissong
2Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, U.S.A
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Evan Y. Gallagher
1Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
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Alex C. McAlvay
3Institute of Economic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
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Hong An
1Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
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Patrick P. Edger
4Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, MI, USA
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Jonathan D. Moore
5Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, UK
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David A. C. Pink
6Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, UK
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Graham R. Teakle
7School of Life Science. University of Warwick, UK
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Chris J. Stevens
8School of Archaeology and Museology. Peking University, Beijing, China
9Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, UK
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Guy Barker
7School of Life Science. University of Warwick, UK
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Joanne Labate
10USDA, ARS Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Cornell AgriTech, Geneva, NY USA
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Dorian Q. Fuller
9Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, UK
11School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
12Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
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Robin G. Allaby
7School of Life Science. University of Warwick, UK
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Timothy Beissinger
13Division of Plant Breeding Methodology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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Jared E. Decker
14Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
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Michael A. Gore
15Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A
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J. Chris Pires
1Division of Biological Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
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  • For correspondence: mmabry44@gmail.com piresjc@missouri.edu
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ABSTRACT

Understanding the evolutionary history of crops, including identifying wild relatives, helps to provide insight for designing new approaches in crop breeding efforts. Cultivated Brassica oleracea has intrigued researchers for centuries due to its wide diversity in forms, which include cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, kohlrabi, and Brussels sprouts. Yet, the evolutionary history of this species remains understudied. With such different vegetables produced from a single species, B. oleracea is a model organism for understanding the power of artificial selection. Persistent challenges in the study of B. oleracea include conflicting hypotheses regarding domestication and the identity of the closest living wild relative. Using a diversity panel of 224 accessions, which represents 14 different B. oleracea crop types and nine potential wild progenitor species, we integrate phylogenetic and population genetic techniques with ecological niche modeling, archaeological, and literary evidence to examine relationships among cultivars and wild relatives to clarify the origin of this horticulturally important species. Our analyses point to the Aegean endemic B. cretica as the closest living relative of cultivated B. oleracea, supporting an origin of cultivation in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Additionally, we identify several feral lineages, suggesting that cultivated plants of this species are able to revert to a wild-like state with relative ease. By expanding our understanding of the evolutionary history in B. oleracea, these results contribute to a growing body of knowledge on crop domestication that will facilitate continued breeding efforts including adaptation to changing environmental conditions.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license.
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The Evolutionary History of Wild, Domesticated, and Feral Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae)
Makenzie E. Mabry, Sarah D. Turner-Hissong, Evan Y. Gallagher, Alex C. McAlvay, Hong An, Patrick P. Edger, Jonathan D. Moore, David A. C. Pink, Graham R. Teakle, Chris J. Stevens, Guy Barker, Joanne Labate, Dorian Q. Fuller, Robin G. Allaby, Timothy Beissinger, Jared E. Decker, Michael A. Gore, J. Chris Pires
bioRxiv 2021.04.06.438638; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.06.438638
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The Evolutionary History of Wild, Domesticated, and Feral Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae)
Makenzie E. Mabry, Sarah D. Turner-Hissong, Evan Y. Gallagher, Alex C. McAlvay, Hong An, Patrick P. Edger, Jonathan D. Moore, David A. C. Pink, Graham R. Teakle, Chris J. Stevens, Guy Barker, Joanne Labate, Dorian Q. Fuller, Robin G. Allaby, Timothy Beissinger, Jared E. Decker, Michael A. Gore, J. Chris Pires
bioRxiv 2021.04.06.438638; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.06.438638

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