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One Health Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Seropositivity among Pets in Households with Confirmed Human COVID-19 Cases — Utah and Wisconsin, 2020

View ORCID ProfileGrace W. Goryoka, Caitlin M. Cossaboom, Radhika Gharpure, Patrick Dawson, Cassandra Tansey, John Rossow, Victoria Mrotz, Jane Rooney, Mia Torchetti, Christina M. Loiacono, Mary L. Killian, Melinda Jenkins-Moore, Ailam Lim, Keith Poulsen, Dan Christensen, Emma Sweet, Dallin Peterson, Anna L. Sangster, Erin L. Young, Kelly F. Oakeson, Dean Taylor, Amanda Price, Tair Kiphibane, Rachel Klos, Darlene Konkle, Sanjib Bhattacharyya, Trivikram Dasu, Victoria T. Chu, Nathaniel M. Lewis, Krista Queen, Jing Zhang, Anna Uehara, Elizabeth A. Dietrich, Suxiang Tong, Hannah L. Kirking, Jeffrey R. Doty, Laura S. Murrell, Jessica R. Spengler, Anne Straily, Ryan Wallace, Casey Barton Behravesh
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.11.439379
Grace W. Goryoka
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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  • ORCID record for Grace W. Goryoka
  • For correspondence: GGoryoka@cdc.gov
Caitlin M. Cossaboom
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Radhika Gharpure
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Patrick Dawson
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Cassandra Tansey
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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John Rossow
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Victoria Mrotz
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Jane Rooney
2United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, CO
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Mia Torchetti
3United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA
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Christina M. Loiacono
3United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA
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Mary L. Killian
3United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA
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Melinda Jenkins-Moore
3United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA
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Ailam Lim
4Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Keith Poulsen
4Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Dan Christensen
4Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Emma Sweet
4Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Dallin Peterson
5Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Anna L. Sangster
5Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Erin L. Young
5Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Kelly F. Oakeson
5Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Dean Taylor
6Utah Department of Agriculture and Food, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Amanda Price
6Utah Department of Agriculture and Food, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Tair Kiphibane
7Salt Lake County Health Department, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Rachel Klos
8Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Darlene Konkle
9Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Sanjib Bhattacharyya
10City of Milwaukee Health Department Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Trivikram Dasu
10City of Milwaukee Health Department Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Victoria T. Chu
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Nathaniel M. Lewis
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Krista Queen
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Jing Zhang
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Anna Uehara
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Elizabeth A. Dietrich
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Suxiang Tong
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Hannah L. Kirking
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Jeffrey R. Doty
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Laura S. Murrell
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Jessica R. Spengler
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Anne Straily
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Ryan Wallace
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Casey Barton Behravesh
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Abstract

Background Approximately 67% of U.S. households have pets. Limited data are available on SARS-CoV-2 in pets. We assessed SARS-CoV-2 infection in pet cohabitants as a sub-study of an ongoing COVID-19 household transmission investigation.

Methods Mammalian pets from households with ≥1 person with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were eligible for inclusion from April–May 2020. Demographic/exposure information, oropharyngeal, nasal, rectal, and fur swabs, feces, and blood were collected from enrolled pets and tested by rRT-PCR and virus neutralization assays.

Findings We enrolled 37 dogs and 19 cats from 34 of 41 eligible households. All oropharyngeal, nasal, and rectal swabs tested negative by rRT-PCR; one dog’s fur swabs (2%) tested positive by rRT-PCR at the first animal sampling. Among 47 pets with serological results from 30 households, eight (17%) pets (4 dogs, 4 cats) from 6 (20%) households had detectable SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. In households with a seropositive pet, the proportion of people with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 was greater (median 79%; range: 40–100%) compared to households with no seropositive pet (median 37%; range: 13–100%) (p=0.01). Thirty-three pets with serologic results had frequent daily contact (≥1 hour) with the human index patient before the person’s COVID-19 diagnosis. Of these 33 pets, 14 (42%) had decreased contact with the human index patient after diagnosis and none (0%) were seropositive; of the 19 (58%) pets with continued contact, 4 (21%) were seropositive.

Interpretations Seropositive pets likely acquired infection from humans, which may occur more frequently than previously recognized. People with COVID-19 should restrict contact with animals.

Funding Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. This article is a US Government work. It is not subject to copyright under 17 USC 105 and is also made available for use under a CC0 license.
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Posted April 13, 2021.
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One Health Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Seropositivity among Pets in Households with Confirmed Human COVID-19 Cases — Utah and Wisconsin, 2020
Grace W. Goryoka, Caitlin M. Cossaboom, Radhika Gharpure, Patrick Dawson, Cassandra Tansey, John Rossow, Victoria Mrotz, Jane Rooney, Mia Torchetti, Christina M. Loiacono, Mary L. Killian, Melinda Jenkins-Moore, Ailam Lim, Keith Poulsen, Dan Christensen, Emma Sweet, Dallin Peterson, Anna L. Sangster, Erin L. Young, Kelly F. Oakeson, Dean Taylor, Amanda Price, Tair Kiphibane, Rachel Klos, Darlene Konkle, Sanjib Bhattacharyya, Trivikram Dasu, Victoria T. Chu, Nathaniel M. Lewis, Krista Queen, Jing Zhang, Anna Uehara, Elizabeth A. Dietrich, Suxiang Tong, Hannah L. Kirking, Jeffrey R. Doty, Laura S. Murrell, Jessica R. Spengler, Anne Straily, Ryan Wallace, Casey Barton Behravesh
bioRxiv 2021.04.11.439379; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.11.439379
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One Health Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Seropositivity among Pets in Households with Confirmed Human COVID-19 Cases — Utah and Wisconsin, 2020
Grace W. Goryoka, Caitlin M. Cossaboom, Radhika Gharpure, Patrick Dawson, Cassandra Tansey, John Rossow, Victoria Mrotz, Jane Rooney, Mia Torchetti, Christina M. Loiacono, Mary L. Killian, Melinda Jenkins-Moore, Ailam Lim, Keith Poulsen, Dan Christensen, Emma Sweet, Dallin Peterson, Anna L. Sangster, Erin L. Young, Kelly F. Oakeson, Dean Taylor, Amanda Price, Tair Kiphibane, Rachel Klos, Darlene Konkle, Sanjib Bhattacharyya, Trivikram Dasu, Victoria T. Chu, Nathaniel M. Lewis, Krista Queen, Jing Zhang, Anna Uehara, Elizabeth A. Dietrich, Suxiang Tong, Hannah L. Kirking, Jeffrey R. Doty, Laura S. Murrell, Jessica R. Spengler, Anne Straily, Ryan Wallace, Casey Barton Behravesh
bioRxiv 2021.04.11.439379; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.11.439379

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