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Polygenic adaptation from standing genetic variation allows rapid ecotype formation

Nico Fuhrmann, Celine Prakash, View ORCID ProfileTobias S. Kaiser
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.16.440113
Nico Fuhrmann
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Research Group Biological Clocks, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
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Celine Prakash
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Research Group Biological Clocks, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
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Tobias S. Kaiser
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Research Group Biological Clocks, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
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  • ORCID record for Tobias S. Kaiser
  • For correspondence: kaiser@evolbio.mpg.de
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Abstract

Adaptive ecotype formation is the first step to speciation, but the genetic underpinnings of this process are poorly understood. While in marine midges of the genus Clunio (Diptera) reproduction generally follows a lunar rhythm, we here characterize two lunar-arrhythmic eco-types. Analysis of 168 genomes reveals a recent establishment of these ecotypes, reflected in massive haplotype sharing between ecotypes, irrespective of whether there is ongoing gene flow or geographic isolation. Genetic analysis and genome screens reveal patterns of polygenic adaptation from standing genetic variation. Ecotype-associated loci prominently include circadian clock genes, as well as genes affecting sensory perception and nervous system development, hinting to a central role of these processes in lunar time-keeping. Our data show that adaptive ecotype formation can occur rapidly, with ongoing gene flow and largely based on a re-assortment of existing and potentially co-adapted alleles.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted April 18, 2021.
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Polygenic adaptation from standing genetic variation allows rapid ecotype formation
Nico Fuhrmann, Celine Prakash, Tobias S. Kaiser
bioRxiv 2021.04.16.440113; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.16.440113
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Polygenic adaptation from standing genetic variation allows rapid ecotype formation
Nico Fuhrmann, Celine Prakash, Tobias S. Kaiser
bioRxiv 2021.04.16.440113; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.16.440113

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