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Direct observation of adaptive tracking on ecological timescales in Drosophila

View ORCID ProfileSeth M. Rudman, View ORCID ProfileSharon I. Greenblum, View ORCID ProfileSubhash Rajpurohit, View ORCID ProfileNicolas J. Betancourt, Jinjoo Hanna, View ORCID ProfileSusanne Tilk, Tuya Yokoyama, View ORCID ProfileDmitri A. Petrov, View ORCID ProfilePaul Schmidt
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.27.441526
Seth M. Rudman
1Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
2School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA
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  • For correspondence: seth.rudman@wsu.edu greensi@lbl.gov schmidtp@upenn.edu
Sharon I. Greenblum
3Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
4Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA
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  • For correspondence: seth.rudman@wsu.edu greensi@lbl.gov schmidtp@upenn.edu
Subhash Rajpurohit
1Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
5Department of Biological and Life Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
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Nicolas J. Betancourt
1Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Jinjoo Hanna
1Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Susanne Tilk
3Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Tuya Yokoyama
3Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Dmitri A. Petrov
3Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Paul Schmidt
1Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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  • For correspondence: seth.rudman@wsu.edu greensi@lbl.gov schmidtp@upenn.edu
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Abstract

Direct observation of evolution in response to natural environmental change can resolve fundamental questions about adaptation including its pace, temporal dynamics, and underlying phenotypic and genomic architecture. We tracked evolution of fitness-associated phenotypes and allele frequencies genome-wide in ten replicate field populations of Drosophila melanogaster over ten generations from summer to late fall. Adaptation was evident over each sampling interval (1-4 generations) with exceptionally rapid phenotypic adaptation and large allele frequency shifts at many independent loci. The direction and basis of the adaptive response shifted repeatedly over time, consistent with the action of strong and rapidly fluctuating selection. Overall, we find clear phenotypic and genomic evidence of adaptive tracking occurring contemporaneously with environmental change, demonstrating the temporally dynamic nature of adaptation.

One sentence summary Rapid environmental change drives continuous phenotypic and polygenic adaptation, demonstrating the temporal dynamism of adaptation.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted October 20, 2021.
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Direct observation of adaptive tracking on ecological timescales in Drosophila
Seth M. Rudman, Sharon I. Greenblum, Subhash Rajpurohit, Nicolas J. Betancourt, Jinjoo Hanna, Susanne Tilk, Tuya Yokoyama, Dmitri A. Petrov, Paul Schmidt
bioRxiv 2021.04.27.441526; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.27.441526
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Direct observation of adaptive tracking on ecological timescales in Drosophila
Seth M. Rudman, Sharon I. Greenblum, Subhash Rajpurohit, Nicolas J. Betancourt, Jinjoo Hanna, Susanne Tilk, Tuya Yokoyama, Dmitri A. Petrov, Paul Schmidt
bioRxiv 2021.04.27.441526; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.27.441526

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