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Recurrent Emergence of an Antiviral Defense through Repeated Retrotransposition and Truncation of CHMP3

Lara Rheinemann, Diane Miller Downhour, Kristen A. Davenport, Alesia N. McKeown, Wesley I. Sundquist, View ORCID ProfileNels C. Elde
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.27.441704
Lara Rheinemann
1Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Diane Miller Downhour
2Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Kristen A. Davenport
1Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
2Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Alesia N. McKeown
2Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Wesley I. Sundquist
1Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Nels C. Elde
2Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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  • ORCID record for Nels C. Elde
  • For correspondence: nelde@genetics.utah.edu
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Summary

Most restriction factors recognize virus features to execute antiviral functions. In contrast, we discovered retroCHMP3, which instead impairs the host endosomal complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway to inhibit budding of enveloped viruses, including HIV-1. The ESCRT pathway is essential, so ESCRT inhibition creates the potential for cytotoxicity. We chart independent courses of retroCHMP3 emergence and reduction of cytotoxicity in New World monkeys and mice using ancestral reconstructions. Overexpression of full-length CHMP3 results in modest antiviral activity, which is enhanced by truncating mutations but causes increased cytotoxicity. We show that retroCHMP3 from squirrel monkeys acquired ancient mutations mitigating cytotoxicity before gaining the activating truncation. In contrast, a truncating mutation arose soon after the independent appearance of murine retroCHMP3, but the variant exhibits regulated expression by interferon signaling, illustrating distinct paths in the emergence of antiviral functions. RetroCHMP3 genes can repeatedly emerge in different species to independently create new immune functions.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted June 14, 2021.
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Recurrent Emergence of an Antiviral Defense through Repeated Retrotransposition and Truncation of CHMP3
Lara Rheinemann, Diane Miller Downhour, Kristen A. Davenport, Alesia N. McKeown, Wesley I. Sundquist, Nels C. Elde
bioRxiv 2021.04.27.441704; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.27.441704
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Recurrent Emergence of an Antiviral Defense through Repeated Retrotransposition and Truncation of CHMP3
Lara Rheinemann, Diane Miller Downhour, Kristen A. Davenport, Alesia N. McKeown, Wesley I. Sundquist, Nels C. Elde
bioRxiv 2021.04.27.441704; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.27.441704

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