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Ecological basis and genetic architecture of crypsis polymorphism in the desert clicker grasshopper (Ligurotettix coquilletti)

View ORCID ProfileTimothy K. O’Connor, Marissa C. Sandoval, Jiarui Wang, Jacob C. Hans, View ORCID ProfileRisa Takenaka, View ORCID ProfileMyron Child VI, View ORCID ProfileNoah K. Whiteman
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.29.441881
Timothy K. O’Connor
1Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
2Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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  • For correspondence: tko2@uchicago.edu
Marissa C. Sandoval
1Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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Jiarui Wang
1Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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Jacob C. Hans
3Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
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Risa Takenaka
4Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
5Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
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Myron Child VI
6School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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Noah K. Whiteman
1Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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ABSTRACT

Color polymorphic species can offer exceptional insight into the ecology and genetics of adaptation. Although the genetic architecture of animal coloration is diverse, many color polymorphisms are associated with large structural variants and maintained by biotic interactions. Grasshoppers are exceptionally polymorphic in both color and karyotype, making them excellent models for understanding the ecological drivers and genetic underpinnings of color variation. Banded and uniform morphs of the desert clicker grasshopper (Ligurotettix coquilletti) are found across the western deserts of North America. To address the hypothesis that predation maintains local color polymorphism and shapes regional crypsis variation, we surveyed morph frequencies and tested for covariation with two predation environments. Morphs coexisted at intermediate frequencies at most sites, consistent with local balancing selection. Morph frequencies covaried with the appearance of desert substrate – an environment used only by females – indicating that ground-foraging predators are major agents of selection on crypsis. We next addressed the hypothesized link between morph variation and genome structure. To do so, we designed an approach for detecting inversions and indels using only RADseq data. The banded morph was perfectly correlated with a large putative indel. Remarkably, indel dominance differed among populations, a rare example of dominance evolution in nature.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • Conflict of Interest Statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted April 30, 2021.
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Ecological basis and genetic architecture of crypsis polymorphism in the desert clicker grasshopper (Ligurotettix coquilletti)
Timothy K. O’Connor, Marissa C. Sandoval, Jiarui Wang, Jacob C. Hans, Risa Takenaka, Myron Child VI, Noah K. Whiteman
bioRxiv 2021.04.29.441881; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.29.441881
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Ecological basis and genetic architecture of crypsis polymorphism in the desert clicker grasshopper (Ligurotettix coquilletti)
Timothy K. O’Connor, Marissa C. Sandoval, Jiarui Wang, Jacob C. Hans, Risa Takenaka, Myron Child VI, Noah K. Whiteman
bioRxiv 2021.04.29.441881; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.29.441881

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