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A metagenomic view of novel microbial and metabolic diversity found within the deep terrestrial biosphere

Lily Momper, Caitlin P. Casar, Magdalena R. Osburn
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.06.442964
Lily Momper
1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
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Caitlin P. Casar
1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
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Magdalena R. Osburn
1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
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  • For correspondence: maggie@northwestern.edu
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ABSTRACT

The deep terrestrial subsurface is a large and diverse microbial habitat and a vast repository of biomass. However, in relation to its size and physical heterogeneity we have limited understanding of taxonomic and metabolic diversity in this realm. Here we present a detailed metagenomic analysis of samples from the Deep Mine Microbial Observatory (DeMMO) spanning depths from the surface to 1.5 km deep in the crust. From these eight geochemically and spatially distinct fluid samples we reconstructed ∼600 metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs), representing 50 distinct phyla and including 18 candidate phyla. These novel clades include many members of the Patescibacteria superphylum and two new MAGs from candidate phylum OLB16, a phylum originally identified in DeMMO fluids and for which only one other MAG is currently available. We find that microbes spanning this expansive phylogenetic diversity and physical space are often capable of numerous dissimilatory energy metabolisms and are poised to take advantage of nutrients as they become available in relatively isolated fracture fluids. This metagenomic dataset is contextualized within a four-year geochemical and 16S rRNA time series, adding another invaluable piece to our knowledge of deep subsurface microbial ecology.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • Subject Category: Integrated genomics and post-genomics approaches in microbial ecology

  • Conflict of Interest Statement: the authors have no conflict of interest to report

  • This work was funded by the NASA Exobiology Program (NNX15AM086), David and Lucile Packard Foundation, and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (Earth 4D).

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
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Posted May 06, 2021.
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A metagenomic view of novel microbial and metabolic diversity found within the deep terrestrial biosphere
Lily Momper, Caitlin P. Casar, Magdalena R. Osburn
bioRxiv 2021.05.06.442964; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.06.442964
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A metagenomic view of novel microbial and metabolic diversity found within the deep terrestrial biosphere
Lily Momper, Caitlin P. Casar, Magdalena R. Osburn
bioRxiv 2021.05.06.442964; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.06.442964

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