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Expansion of tissue-resident CD8+ T cells and CD4+ Th17 cells in the nasal mucosa following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination

Aloysious Ssemaganda, Huong Mai Nguyen, Faisal Nuhu, Naima Jahan, Catherine M. Card, Sandra Kiazyk, Giulia Severini, Yoav Keynan, Ruey-Chyi Su, Hezhao Ji, Bernard Abrenica, Paul J. McLaren, T. Blake Ball, Jared Bullard, Paul Van Caeseele, Derek Stein, Lyle R. McKinnon
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.07.442971
Aloysious Ssemaganda
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Huong Mai Nguyen
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Faisal Nuhu
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Naima Jahan
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Catherine M. Card
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
2JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Sandra Kiazyk
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
2JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Giulia Severini
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Yoav Keynan
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Ruey-Chyi Su
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
2JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Hezhao Ji
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
2JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Bernard Abrenica
2JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Paul J. McLaren
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
2JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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T. Blake Ball
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
2JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Jared Bullard
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
3Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
4Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Paul Van Caeseele
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
3Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Derek Stein
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
3Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Lyle R. McKinnon
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
2JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
5Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
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  • For correspondence: lyle.mckinnon@umanitoba.ca
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Abstract

Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have shown high efficacy in clinical trials, yet a full immunologic characterization of these vaccines, particularly within the upper respiratory tract, remains lacking. We enumerated and phenotyped T cells in nasal mucosa and blood before and after vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (n =21). Tissue-resident memory (Trm) CD8+ T cells expressing CD69+CD103+ expanded ∼12 days following the first and second doses, by 0.31 and 0.43 log10 cells per swab respectively (p=0.058 and p=0.009 in adjusted linear mixed models). CD69+CD103+CD8+ T cells in the blood decreased post-vaccination. Similar increases in nasal CD8+CD69+CD103-T cells were observed, particularly following the second dose. CD4+ Th17 cells were also increased in abundance following both doses. Following stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides, CD8+ T cells increased expression of CD107a and CD154. These data suggest that nasal T cells may be induced and contribute to the protective immunity afforded by this vaccine.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted May 09, 2021.
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Expansion of tissue-resident CD8+ T cells and CD4+ Th17 cells in the nasal mucosa following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination
Aloysious Ssemaganda, Huong Mai Nguyen, Faisal Nuhu, Naima Jahan, Catherine M. Card, Sandra Kiazyk, Giulia Severini, Yoav Keynan, Ruey-Chyi Su, Hezhao Ji, Bernard Abrenica, Paul J. McLaren, T. Blake Ball, Jared Bullard, Paul Van Caeseele, Derek Stein, Lyle R. McKinnon
bioRxiv 2021.05.07.442971; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.07.442971
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Expansion of tissue-resident CD8+ T cells and CD4+ Th17 cells in the nasal mucosa following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination
Aloysious Ssemaganda, Huong Mai Nguyen, Faisal Nuhu, Naima Jahan, Catherine M. Card, Sandra Kiazyk, Giulia Severini, Yoav Keynan, Ruey-Chyi Su, Hezhao Ji, Bernard Abrenica, Paul J. McLaren, T. Blake Ball, Jared Bullard, Paul Van Caeseele, Derek Stein, Lyle R. McKinnon
bioRxiv 2021.05.07.442971; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.07.442971

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