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The Core Human Fecal Metabolome

Jacob J. Haffner, Mitchelle Katemauswa, Thérèse S. Kagone, Ekram Hossain, David Jacobson, Karina Flores, Adwaita R. Parab, Alexandra J. Obregon-Tito, Raul Y. Tito, Luis Marin Reyes, Luzmila Troncoso-Corzo, Emilio Guija-Poma, Nicolas Meda, Hélène Carabin, Tanvi P. Honap, Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan, View ORCID ProfileCecil M. Lewis Jr, Laura-Isobel McCall
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.08.442269
Jacob J. Haffner
1Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
2Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research (LMAMR), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK
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Mitchelle Katemauswa
2Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research (LMAMR), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK
3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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Thérèse S. Kagone
4Burkina Faso Ministry of Health, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
5Centre MURAZ Research Institute, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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Ekram Hossain
2Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research (LMAMR), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK
3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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David Jacobson
1Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
2Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research (LMAMR), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK
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Karina Flores
2Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research (LMAMR), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK
6Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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Adwaita R. Parab
2Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research (LMAMR), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK
7Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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Alexandra J. Obregon-Tito
1Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
2Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research (LMAMR), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK
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Raul Y. Tito
1Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
2Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research (LMAMR), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK
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Luis Marin Reyes
8Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
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Luzmila Troncoso-Corzo
9Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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Emilio Guija-Poma
10Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
11Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
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Nicolas Meda
4Burkina Faso Ministry of Health, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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Hélène Carabin
12Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
13Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
14Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
15Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP) de l’université de Montréal et du CIUSS du Centre Sud de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
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Tanvi P. Honap
1Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
2Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research (LMAMR), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK
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Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan
2Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research (LMAMR), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK
7Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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Cecil M. Lewis Jr
1Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
2Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research (LMAMR), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK
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  • ORCID record for Cecil M. Lewis Jr
  • For correspondence: cmlewis@ou.edu lmccall@ou.edu
Laura-Isobel McCall
2Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research (LMAMR), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK
3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
7Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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  • For correspondence: cmlewis@ou.edu lmccall@ou.edu
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Summary Paragraph

Among the biomolecules at the center of human health and molecular biology is a system of molecules that defines the human phenotype known as the metabolome. Through an untargeted metabolomic analysis of fecal samples from human individuals from Africa and the Americas—the birthplace and the last continental expansion of our species, respectively—we present the characterization of the core human fecal metabolome. The majority of detected metabolite features were ubiquitous across populations, despite any geographic, dietary, or behavioral differences. Such shared metabolite features included hyocholic acid and cholesterol. However, any characterization of the core human fecal metabolome is insufficient without exploring the influence of industrialization. Here, we show chemical differences along an industrialization gradient, where the degree of industrialization correlates with metabolomic changes. We identified differential metabolite features like leucyl-leucine dipeptides and urobilin as major metabolic correlates of these behavioral shifts. Our results indicate that industrialization significantly influences the human fecal metabolome, but diverse human lifestyles and behavior still maintain a core human fecal metabolome. This study represents the first characterization of the core human fecal metabolome through untargeted analyses of populations along an industrialization gradient.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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The Core Human Fecal Metabolome
Jacob J. Haffner, Mitchelle Katemauswa, Thérèse S. Kagone, Ekram Hossain, David Jacobson, Karina Flores, Adwaita R. Parab, Alexandra J. Obregon-Tito, Raul Y. Tito, Luis Marin Reyes, Luzmila Troncoso-Corzo, Emilio Guija-Poma, Nicolas Meda, Hélène Carabin, Tanvi P. Honap, Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan, Cecil M. Lewis Jr, Laura-Isobel McCall
bioRxiv 2021.05.08.442269; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.08.442269
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The Core Human Fecal Metabolome
Jacob J. Haffner, Mitchelle Katemauswa, Thérèse S. Kagone, Ekram Hossain, David Jacobson, Karina Flores, Adwaita R. Parab, Alexandra J. Obregon-Tito, Raul Y. Tito, Luis Marin Reyes, Luzmila Troncoso-Corzo, Emilio Guija-Poma, Nicolas Meda, Hélène Carabin, Tanvi P. Honap, Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan, Cecil M. Lewis Jr, Laura-Isobel McCall
bioRxiv 2021.05.08.442269; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.08.442269

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