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Morphometric relationships and their contribution to biomass and cannabinoid yield in hybrids of hemp (Cannabis sativa)

View ORCID ProfileCraig H. Carlson, View ORCID ProfileGeorge M. Stack, Yu Jiang, View ORCID ProfileBircan Taşkıran, View ORCID ProfileAli R. Cala, Jacob A. Toth, Glenn Philippe, Jocelyn K.C. Rose, View ORCID ProfileChristine D. Smart, View ORCID ProfileLawrence B. Smart
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.09.443329
Craig H. Carlson
1Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY
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George M. Stack
1Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY
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Yu Jiang
1Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY
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Bircan Taşkıran
1Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY
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  • ORCID record for Bircan Taşkıran
Ali R. Cala
2Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY
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Jacob A. Toth
1Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY
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Glenn Philippe
3Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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Jocelyn K.C. Rose
3Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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Christine D. Smart
2Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY
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Lawrence B. Smart
1Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY
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  • ORCID record for Lawrence B. Smart
  • For correspondence: lbs33@cornell.edu
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Abstract

The breeding of hybrid cultivars of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is not well described, especially the segregation and inheritance of traits that are important for yield. A total of 23 families were produced from genetically diverse parents to investigate the inheritance of morphological traits and their association with biomass accumulation and cannabinoid yield. In addition, a novel classification method for canopy architecture was developed. The strong linear relationship between wet and dry biomass provided an accurate estimate of final dry stripped floral biomass. Of all field and aerial measurements, basal stem diameter was determined to be the single best selection criterion for final dry stripped floral biomass yield. Along with stem diameter, canopy architecture and stem growth predictors described the majority of the explainable variation of biomass yield. Within-family variance for morphological and cannabinoid measurements reflected the heterozygosity of the parents. While selfed populations suffered from inbreeding depression, hybrid development in hemp will require at least one inbred parent to achieve uniform growth and biomass yield. Nevertheless, floral phenology remains a confounding factor in selection because of its underlying influence on biomass production highlighting the need to understand the genetic basis for flowering time in the breeding of uniform cultivars.

Highlight Stem and canopy architecture traits are superior predictors of floral biomass yield and offer a good indication of hybrid uniformity in field plantings of genetically diverse cannabinoid hemp populations.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

  • Abbreviations

    AUDPC
    Area under the disease progress curve
    CBC
    Cannabichromene
    CBD
    Cannabidiol
    CBDV
    Cannabidivarin
    CBG
    Cannabigerol
    CBL
    Cannabicyclol
    CBN
    Cannabinol
    DAP
    Days after planting
    DBM
    Total dry biomass
    DSBM
    Total dry stripped floral biomass
    EVI
    Enhanced vegetation index
    GCI
    Green chlorophyll index
    GDVI
    Generalized difference vegetation index
    HTP
    High-throughput phenotyping
    MNLI
    Modified nonlinear vegetation index
    MSAVI2
    Modified secondary soil-adjusted vegetation index
    NDVI
    Normalized difference vegetation index
    OSAVI
    Optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index
    PM
    Hemp powdery mildew
    THC
    Tetrahydrocannabinol
    THCV
    Tetrahydrocannabivarin
    UAS
    Unmanned aerial system
    WBM
    Total wet biomass
  • Copyright 
    The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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    Morphometric relationships and their contribution to biomass and cannabinoid yield in hybrids of hemp (Cannabis sativa)
    Craig H. Carlson, George M. Stack, Yu Jiang, Bircan Taşkıran, Ali R. Cala, Jacob A. Toth, Glenn Philippe, Jocelyn K.C. Rose, Christine D. Smart, Lawrence B. Smart
    bioRxiv 2021.05.09.443329; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.09.443329
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    Morphometric relationships and their contribution to biomass and cannabinoid yield in hybrids of hemp (Cannabis sativa)
    Craig H. Carlson, George M. Stack, Yu Jiang, Bircan Taşkıran, Ali R. Cala, Jacob A. Toth, Glenn Philippe, Jocelyn K.C. Rose, Christine D. Smart, Lawrence B. Smart
    bioRxiv 2021.05.09.443329; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.09.443329

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