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Post-glacial expansion dynamics, not refugial isolation, shaped the genetic structure of a migratory bird, the Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia)

View ORCID ProfileEleanor F. Miller, View ORCID ProfileMichela Leonardi, View ORCID ProfileRobert Beyer, View ORCID ProfileMario Krapp, View ORCID ProfileMarius Somveille, View ORCID ProfileGian Luigi Somma, View ORCID ProfilePierpaolo Maisano Delser, View ORCID ProfileAndrea Manica
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.10.443405
Eleanor F. Miller
aDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
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  • For correspondence: em618@cam.ac.uk
Michela Leonardi
aDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
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Robert Beyer
aDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
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Mario Krapp
aDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
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Marius Somveille
aDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
bDepartment of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521 USA
cCentre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Gian Luigi Somma
aDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
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Pierpaolo Maisano Delser
aDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
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Andrea Manica
aDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
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  • ORCID record for Andrea Manica
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Abstract

During the glacial periods of the Pleistocene, swathes of the Northern Hemisphere were covered by ice sheets, tundra and permafrost leaving large areas uninhabitable for temperate and boreal species. The glacial refugia paradigm proposes that, during glaciations, species living in the Northern Hemisphere were forced southwards, forming isolated, insular populations that persisted in disjunct regions known as refugia. According to this hypothesis, as ice sheets retreated, species recolonised the continent from these glacial refugia, and the mixing of these lineages is responsible for modern patterns of genetic diversity. However, an alternative hypothesis is that complex genetic patterns could also arise simply from heterogenous post-glacial expansion dynamics, without separate refugia. Both mitochondrial and genomic data from the North American Yellow warbler (Setophaga petechia) shows the presence of an eastern and western clade, a pattern often ascribed to the presence of two refugia. Using a climate-informed spatial genetic modelling (CISGeM) framework, we were able to reconstruct past population sizes, range expansions, and likely recolonisation dynamics of this species, generating spatially and temporally explicit demographic reconstructions. The model captures the empirical genetic structure despite including only a single, large glacial refugium. The contemporary population structure observed in the data was generated during the expansion dynamics after the glaciation and is due to unbalanced rates of northward advance to the east and west linked to the melting of the icesheets. Thus, modern population structure in this species is consistent with expansion dynamics, and refugial isolation is not required to explain it, highlighting the importance of explicitly testing drivers of geographic structure.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted May 11, 2021.
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Post-glacial expansion dynamics, not refugial isolation, shaped the genetic structure of a migratory bird, the Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia)
Eleanor F. Miller, Michela Leonardi, Robert Beyer, Mario Krapp, Marius Somveille, Gian Luigi Somma, Pierpaolo Maisano Delser, Andrea Manica
bioRxiv 2021.05.10.443405; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.10.443405
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Post-glacial expansion dynamics, not refugial isolation, shaped the genetic structure of a migratory bird, the Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia)
Eleanor F. Miller, Michela Leonardi, Robert Beyer, Mario Krapp, Marius Somveille, Gian Luigi Somma, Pierpaolo Maisano Delser, Andrea Manica
bioRxiv 2021.05.10.443405; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.10.443405

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