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Impact of ploidy and pathogen life cycle on resistance durability

View ORCID ProfileMéline Saubin, Stéphane De Mita, Xujia Zhu, View ORCID ProfileBruno Sudret, View ORCID ProfileFabien Halkett
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.28.446112
Méline Saubin
1Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000 Nancy, France
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Stéphane De Mita
2INRAE, Cirad, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, PHIM, F-34000 Montpellier, France
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Xujia Zhu
3Chair of Risk, Safety and Uncertainty Quantification, ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, CH-8093, Switzerland
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Bruno Sudret
3Chair of Risk, Safety and Uncertainty Quantification, ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, CH-8093, Switzerland
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Fabien Halkett
1Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000 Nancy, France
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  • ORCID record for Fabien Halkett
  • For correspondence: fabien.halkett@inrae.fr
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Abstract

The breeding of resistant hosts based on the gene-for-gene interaction is crucial to address epidemics of plant pathogens in agroecosystems. Resistant host deployment strategies are developed and studied worldwide to decrease the probability of resistance breakdown and increase the resistance durability in various pathosystems. A major component of deployment strategies is the proportion of resistant hosts in the landscape. However, the impact of this proportion on resistance durability remains unclear for diploid pathogens with complex life cycles. In this study, we modelled pathogen population dynamics and genetic evolution at the virulence locus to assess the impact of the ploidy (haploid or diploid) and the pathogen’s life cycle (with or without host alternation) on resistance durability. Ploidy has a strong impact on evolutionary trajectories, with much greater stochasticity and delayed times of resistance breakdown for diploids. This result emphasises the importance of genetic drift in this system: as the virulent allele is recessive, positive selection on resistant hosts only applies to homozygous (virulent) individuals, which may lead to population collapse at low frequencies of the virulent allele. We also observed differences in the effect of host deployment depending on the pathogen’s life cycle. With host alternation, the probability that the pathogen population collapses strongly increases with the proportion of resistant hosts in the landscape. Therefore, resistance breakdown events occurring at high proportions of resistant hosts frequently amount to evolutionary rescue. Last, life cycles correspond to two selection regimes: without host alternation (soft selection) the resistance breakdown is mainly driven by the migration rate. Conversely, host alternation (hard selection) resembles an all-or-nothing game, with stochastic trajectories caused by the recurrent allele redistributions on the alternate host.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • Version 4 of this preprint has been peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community In Evolutionary Biology (https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.evolbiol.100131)

  • https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4892587

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted August 25, 2021.
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Impact of ploidy and pathogen life cycle on resistance durability
Méline Saubin, Stéphane De Mita, Xujia Zhu, Bruno Sudret, Fabien Halkett
bioRxiv 2021.05.28.446112; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.28.446112
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Impact of ploidy and pathogen life cycle on resistance durability
Méline Saubin, Stéphane De Mita, Xujia Zhu, Bruno Sudret, Fabien Halkett
bioRxiv 2021.05.28.446112; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.28.446112

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