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Cooperative behavior evokes inter-brain synchrony in the prefrontal and temporoparietal cortex: A systematic review and meta-analysis of fNIRS hyperscanning studies

Artur Czeszumski, Sophie Hsin-Yi Liang, View ORCID ProfileSuzanne Dikker, Peter König, Chin-Pang Lee, Sander L. Koole, Brent Kelsen
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.03.446922
Artur Czeszumski
1Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
6Department of Clinical Psychology, Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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  • For correspondence: aczeszumski@uos.de
Sophie Hsin-Yi Liang
2Section of Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taiwan
3Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Linkou, Taiwan
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Suzanne Dikker
4Max Planck - NYU Center for Language, Music and Emotion, New York, USA
5Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, USA
6Department of Clinical Psychology, Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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  • ORCID record for Suzanne Dikker
Peter König
1Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
7Institute of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Chin-Pang Lee
2Section of Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taiwan
8Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan
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Sander L. Koole
6Department of Clinical Psychology, Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Brent Kelsen
9Language Center, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Abstract

Single-brain neuroimaging studies have shown that human cooperation is associated with neural activity in frontal and temporoparietal regions. However, it remains unclear whether single-brain studies are informative about cooperation in real life, where people interact dynamically. Such dynamic interactions have become the focus of inter-brain studies. An advantageous technique in this regard is functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) because it is less susceptible to movement artifacts than more conventional techniques like EEG or fMRI. We conducted a systematic review and the first quantitative meta-analysis of fNIRS hyperscanning of cooperation, based on thirteen studies with 890 participants. Overall, the meta-analysis revealed evidence of statistically significant inter-brain synchrony while people were cooperating, with large overall effect sizes in both frontal and temporoparietal areas. All thirteen studies observed significant inter-brain synchrony in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), suggesting that this region is particularly relevant for cooperative behavior. The consistency in these findings is unlikely to be due to task-related activations, given that the relevant studies used diverse cooperation tasks. Together, the present findings support the importance of inter-brain synchronization of frontal and temporoparietal regions in interpersonal cooperation. Moreover, the present article highlights the usefulness of meta-analyses as a tool for discerning patterns in inter-brain dynamics.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • Major revision: - extending meta-analysis to all cooperative papers - rewrite and polish the manuscript

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted December 11, 2021.
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Cooperative behavior evokes inter-brain synchrony in the prefrontal and temporoparietal cortex: A systematic review and meta-analysis of fNIRS hyperscanning studies
Artur Czeszumski, Sophie Hsin-Yi Liang, Suzanne Dikker, Peter König, Chin-Pang Lee, Sander L. Koole, Brent Kelsen
bioRxiv 2021.06.03.446922; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.03.446922
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Cooperative behavior evokes inter-brain synchrony in the prefrontal and temporoparietal cortex: A systematic review and meta-analysis of fNIRS hyperscanning studies
Artur Czeszumski, Sophie Hsin-Yi Liang, Suzanne Dikker, Peter König, Chin-Pang Lee, Sander L. Koole, Brent Kelsen
bioRxiv 2021.06.03.446922; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.03.446922

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