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- June 8, 2021.
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Author Information
- Harry A. Thorpe1,&,
- Elise Tourrette2,&,
- Koji Yahara3,&,
- Filipa M. Vale4,
- Siqi Liu5,
- Mónica Oleastro6,
- Teresa Alarcon7,
- TsachiTsadok Perets8,
- Saeid Latifi-Navid9,
- Yoshio Yamaoka10,
- Beatriz Martinez-Gonzalez11,
- Ioannis Karayiannis11,
- Timokratis Karamitros11,
- Dionyssios N. Sgouras11,
- Wael Elamin12,13,
- Ben Pascoe14,
- Samuel K. Sheppard14,
- Jukka Ronkainen15,16,
- Pertti Aro17,
- Lars Engstrand18,
- Lars Agreus19,
- Sebastian Suerbaum20,21,22,§,
- Kaisa Thorell23,24,§ and
- Daniel Falush5,*,§
- 1Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo
- 23 rue du Dr Lauriat, 91400 Orsay, France
- 3Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyo, Japan
- 4Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- 5Centre for Microbes Development and Health, Institute Pasteur Shanghai
- 6National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
- 7Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- 8Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- 9Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran
- 10Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
- 11Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Greece
- 12G42 Healthcare; Abu Dhabi
- 13Elrazi University; Khartoum; Sudan
- 14The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
- 15Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu
- 16Primary Health Care Center, Tornio, Finland
- 17Arokero Oy, Tornio, Finland
- 18Center for Translational Microbiome Research, Department for Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- 19Division of Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,
- 20Department of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- 21Department of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- 22DZIF German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig and Munich Partner Sites, Germany
- 23Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- 24Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- ↵*Corresponding author: Daniel Falush, danielfalush{at}googlemail.com
↵& contributed equally.